Friday, May 31, 2019

Anne Spencer :: essays research papers

The Atypical Woman in a Typical WorldDo some hoi polloi know who Anne Spencer is? Probably not. Anne Spencer was a Harlem Renaissance poet who actually lived in Lynchburg, Virginia. She immensely enjoyed treats in her garden and spending time in Edankraal, a undersize cottage in her garden where she wrote most of her poetry. though Anne was a hard worker, she in spades was not a typical woman of the early 20th century. Anne and her husband, Edward, did many things that were not typical during the early 20th century, but these "atypical" characteristics made the couple very unique.Anne was the "unannounced" valedictorian of her class at the Virginia Theological Seminary and College (Potter 129). This was comical because at the time African American women were able to attend school, but most did not go to college, much less become the valedictorian of the graduating class. Though some say that Anne was not the valedictorian of her class, but rather a shy girl was the valedictorian, and Anne definitely was not shy ("Anne Bethel"). Annes intelligence definitely shows throughout her work.Spencer did not work simply to earn money she worked because she enjoyed what she was doing. According to A History of Women in the West, the women of the early 20th century were still working at home, keeping the children, doing house chores, and some even worked on the farm. When World War I broke out because of the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, most women went to work in factories (24). Anne did not work in a factory but she did work at Jones Memorial Librarys Dunbar Branch for $75 a month. Anne was not the typical librarian hired for this job. Though the library only served African American patrons, the position as a librarian normally went to a white person. She convinced the employer that she was qualified by showing him/her that she was a published poet. She also taught at her alma mater, the Virginia Theological Seminary an d College for free, just because she loved teaching (Clark). On the new(prenominal) hand, Edward was Lynchburg, Virginias first parcel postman. Not only was this an enormous achievement for the city of Lynchburg, but also because Edward was an African American. Edward also helped out with the family grocery broth which was close to their home on 1313 Pierce Street. The pay he received helped the familys financial situation tremendously (Salmon 18).

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Marriage Issues in Tom Jones Essay example -- Tom Jones Essays

Marriage Issues in Tom Jones Throughout Tom Jones by Henry Fielding, there are many examples of nuptials. There is Squire Westerns hymeneals, Mr. and Mrs. Fitzpatricks marriage, the mentions of Allworthys wife, the marriage of Nightengale and Nancy, and the marriage of Nightengales cousin and the clergyman, and finally the marriage of Tom and Sophia. Some of these marriages end with a happy ending and some do not and we, the commentator, are supposed to understand at these marriages and see why they went wrong or why they are good. Through all these examples of marriage, Fielding is urging us to question the current knowledgeableness of marriage and what it is based on. Fortune is a big issue in the book, especially when marriage is involved. Squire Westerns wifes father married her off to the Squire against her leave because of his fortune, and she became more of his servant than his wife. He treated her badly and they ended up hating each other. Mr. Fitzpatrick also married his wife for her money, which is made evident by the earn sent to Mr. Fitzpatrick by Sam Cosgrave concerning Mr. Fitzpatricks debt and Mrs. Fitzpatricks ready money (379). Mr. Fitzpatrick and Mrs. Fitzpatrick grew to resent each other, he treated her horribly, and he spent all of her money. Using these examples, Fielding challenges the reader to question if money should be the foundation of marriage. Squire Westerns marriage is prearranged by the Squire and Mrs. Westerns father (just as he would like to do for Sophia). It was a customs in this time for marriages to be prearranged by the parents according to fortune, title, etc. Women had no voice in whom they were to marry and the marriage became more of a t... ... Injustice and Oppression...(575) and he likewise says in the book that no one should be married to each other except on the basis of love. Fielding is trying to come out the point across to the readers that marriage should be based on love, not fortune, estate, or prearrangement. In this book fielding gives the reader examples of how a marriage tail end be if it is prearranged with fortune in mind or how it can be when it is based on love. He challenges the reader to question the current institution of marriage and all its faults. He, then, suggests a happy alternative through love. In this book fielding is challenging his readers to think about the world around them and about issues such(prenominal) as injustice in marriage and oppression of women through marriage. Work Cited Fielding, Henry. The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling. London Penguin, 1966.

The War between Scotland and England in the Reign of Edward I Essay exa

Why did War break out between Scotland and England in the Reign of Edward I?On the 14th of May 1264, the forces of Simon de Montfort, Gloucester and the Londoners were set arrayed against the loyalist forces of King Henry III, Richard of Cornwall and Prince Edward (later to become King Edward I). The loyalists suffered a massive defeat at this appointment of Lewes and among those captured, aside from Richard of Cornwall and perhaps the King (Prestwich indicates the unsure nature of the Kings capture 46), were the northern barons (Scottish lords) of Balliol, Bruce and Comyn. (Jenks 132) Prince Edward also became a hostage as part of an exchange after the battle. These alike men who fought together and were held captive by the de Montforts would war against each other thirty years later. King Edward I (whom will be referred to as Edward) was non set on instigating a war against Scotland, nor were any of these Scottish lords interested in battling against such a formidable opponent a s England. So wherefore did war occur if none of these men were initially motivated for war? A series of unfortunate, but potent events led to the chrysalis of war, which was then allowed to grow and fully develop into a war by the specific actions of individuals. This essay will attempt to draw attention to many of the events which gave rise to war and investigate the complicated nature of the individuals who in the end caused war through their acts (intentional and non-intentional). During Henry IIIs reign the baronial crystallize movement was renewed once again. The Provisions of Oxford attempted, among other reforms, to reform the household of the king and queen (Baker 10), which undoubtedly included the household of the King and Queens son, Edward. This le... ...tic Scotland and the Middle Ages (Edinburgh, 1997)Vickers, K. H. A History of England (Volume III) England in the Later Middle Ages (London, 1937).Webster, B. Scotland from the Eleventh ampere-second to 1603 (Lond on, 1975)*All primary documents from this text come with this preface in mind (especially that which I have bolded) In this volume, as in its predecessor, I have attempt to keep both footnotes and editorial comment to a minimum, the only real problem occurring with documents written in the emerging literary English of the period. With most of these I have used modern versions, but one or two I have left in the original, to instance the spelling and form of the language. With these nearly notes have been necessary, but by and large they are intelligible with a little effort, and should be interesting to read. Such mistakes, as exist are of course, mine.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Imprisonment and Social Control Essay -- Prison Justice

Imprisonment is one of the primary ways in which social control may be achieved the Sage Dictionary of Criminology defines social control as a concept used to describe all the ways in which conformity may be achieved. Throughout time imprisonment and its ideas around social control have varied. Imprisonment has non always been used for punishment, nor has it always thought astir(predicate) the prisoners themselves. as yet when looking at imprisonment it is important to consider the new penology. Therefore, it needs to be clear what the new penology is. The new penology is said, not to be about punishing individuals or about rehabilitating them, but about identifying and managing unruly groups in society. It is concerned with the managerial processes, not the individuals behaviour or even community organisation. All in all, its goal is to make crime tolerable, not to eliminate it entirely. (Feeley, M and Simon, J). Therefore the New Penology is not about the reform of individuals but the control of populations as a whole, with imprisonment focusing on particular offenders who are defined as persistent or high-pitched rate. In light of this, the history of imprisonment, the purposes of imprisonment and indeed the question of whether it works as a form of social control or not all need to be addressed, as well as looking into the critics of the new penology. Imprisonment has a number of purposes, the first being punishment, which brings with it the idea of payback and revenge. The second purpose is incapacitation, this looks at the protection of society and the length of time the individual must serve in prison. Deterrence is the third purpose it attempts to delay the individual committing any future crime and goes some way to deter ... ...ology. Devon Willan Publishing, pp 684-713.Sampson, R, and Laub, J. (1933), Individual Factors in execration, in Newburn, T. Criminology. Devon Willan Publishing, pp. 843.Shichor, D. (1997) Three Strikes as a globe Policy The Convergence of the New Penology and the McDonaldization of Punishment, Crime Delinquency, (43), pp. 470-492.Spelman, W. (2000) What Recent Studies Do (and Dont) Tell Us About Imprisonment and Crime. In Michael, T. Crime and Justice A Review of Research. (3). Chicargo University of Chicargo Press.Wilson, D. (2006) Social Control, The Sage Dictionary of Criminology 391-392. capital of the United Kingdom Sage Publications.Woolfe, H. And Tumim, S. (1991). Official Aims of Imprisonment, in Cavadino, M. and Dignan, J. The Penal System An Introduction. London Sage Publications. Zedner, L (2004). Criminal Justice. New York, USA Oxford University.

Anton Chekhovs Selected Stories :: Selected Stories Essays

Anton Chekhov is a master at showing aspects of reallife how fed up people are, how it really is without theeveryday pleasantries, and how exploitable people are by hotshotanother(prenominal). Chekhov uses these three aspects with greatmastery to show his form of real life in his Selected Stories.Chekhov shows how fed up people are with one another inhis short story the Jailer Jailed. This story is about aman, who is a prosecuting attorney, is actually living inhis own jail be married to his wife who lets him donothing but wait on her hand and foot. I understand whatit means to be in jail This quotation explains just how theman feels living his life the way he is. The above is adirect example in life as how fed up people are. It justmakes weird sense that a man with so much power with peopledoesnt have a prayer with his wife.Milksop is another one of Chekhovs stories showinghow real life is, but this particular one depicts lifewithout its pleasantries. This story is about a reporterwho wants to be invited to this prestigious fellowship but cantgo because he works for the press. This shows real lifewithout its pleasantries. Because the man couldnt get intothe party because he was a reporter, his public power failedhim. A poop also shows real life as Chekhov sees it,but this particular one depicts how exploitable people areby one another. This story begins with a womens payday. But, to her surprise her employer starts to subtract forthings she has broken and for other dumb reasons. When hegets all done all she is left with is eleven out of sixtyrubles. But she takes them gladly anyway. then(prenominal) heremployer asks if she thinks this is fair, and she agrees. Then her employer says that she is stupid and gives her the

Monday, May 27, 2019

Discipline and Punish: a Critical Review Essay

OverviewThe main ideas of Discipline and Punish can be grouped tally to its four parts frustrate, penalty, discipline and prison house.TortureFoucault begins by contrasting two signifiers of penalty the violent and chaotic public torture of Robert-Franois Damiens, who was convicted of attempted regicide in the mid-18th ascorbic acid, and the highly regimented daily schedule for inmates from an early nineteenth century prison (Mettray). These examples provide a picture of just how profound the changes in western penal systems were after slight than a century. Foucault wants the reader to numerate what led to these changes. How did western culture shift so radically? He believes that the question of the nature of these changes is best asked by assuming that they werent used to effect a more hu human beingitarian penal system, nor to more exactly punish or rehabilitate, but as part of a continuing trajectory of conquest. Foucault wants to line scientific knowledge and technol ogical development to the development of the prison to prove this point. He defines a micro-physics of place, which is constituted by a power that is strategic and tactical rather than acquired, preserved or possessed.He explains that power and knowledge imply adept another, as opposed to the common belief that knowledge exists independently of power relations (knowledge is al focal points contextualized in a framework which makes it intelligible, so the humanizing discourse of psychiatry is an conveyion of the tactics of oppression).2 That is, the ground of the game of power isnt win by liberation, because liberation already exists as a facet of subjection. The man described for us, whom we are invited to free, is already in himself the effect of a subjection much more profound than himself.3 The problem for Foucault is in some sense a theoretical modelling which posits a soul, an identity (the use of soul world fortunate since identity or name would not properly express the m ethod of subjectione.g., if mere materiality were used as a way of tracking individuals then the method of punishment would not have switched from torture to psychiatry) which allows a whole materiality of prison to develop.In What is an Author? Foucault also deals with whimsicality of identity, and its use as a method of control, regulation, and tracking. He begins by examining public torture and execution. He argues that the public spectacle of torture and execution was a theatrical gathering the original intentions of which eventually produced several unintended consequences. Foucault stresses the exactitude with which torture is carried out, and describes an extensive legal framework in which it operates to achieve specific purposes. Foucault describes public torture as ceremony. The intended purposes were* To make the secret public (according to Foucault the investigation was kept entirely secret even from the accused). The secret of the investigation and the conclusion of th e magistrates was justified by the publicity of the torture. * To show the effect of investigation on confession. (According to Foucault torture could occur during the investigation, because partial proofs meant partial guilt. If the torture failed to elicit a confession then the investigation was stop and innocence assumed. A confession legitimized the investigation and any torture that occurred.) * Reflecting the violence of the original offensive activity onto the convicts body for all to see, in say for it to be manifested then annulled by reciprocating the violence of the crime on the criminal.* Enacting the revenge upon the convicts body, which the self-governing seeks for having been injured by the crime. Foucault argues that the law was considered an extension of the milkweed butterflys body, and so the revenge must take the form of harming the convicts body. It torture assured the articulation of the written on the oral, the secret on the public, the performance of inv estigation on the operation of the confession it made it possible to reproduce the crime on the visible body of the criminal in the same horror, the crime had to be manifested and annulled.It also made the body of the condemned man the place where the vengeance of the independent was applied, the anchoring point for a manifestation of power, an opportunity of affirming the dissymmetry of forces.4 Foucault looks at public torture as the outcome of a certain mechanism of power that views crime in a military schema. Crime and rebellion are akin to a declaration of war. The sovereign was not concerned with demonstrating the ground for the enforcement of its laws, but of determineing enemies and attacking them, the power of which was re moded by the ritual of investigation and the ceremony of public torture.5 more or less unintended consequences were* Providing a forum for the convicts body to become a focus of sympathy and admiration. * Redistributing blame the executioner rather tha n the convict becomes the locus of shame. * Creating a site of conflict between the masses and the sovereign at the convicts body. Foucault notes that public executions often led to riots in support of the prisoner. defeat for the inefficiency of this economy of power could be directed towards and coalesce around the site of torture and execution. Public torture and execution was a method the sovereign deployed to express his or her power, and it did so through the ritual of investigation and the ceremony of executionthe reality and horror of which was supposed to express the omnipotence of the sovereign but veridically revealed that the sovereigns power depended on the participation of the people.Torture was made public in order to create fear in the people, and to force them to participate in the method of control by agreeing with its verdicts. But problems arose in cases in which the people through their actions disagreed with the sovereign, by heroizing the victim (admiring th e courage in facing death) or in moving to physically free the criminal or to redistribute the effects of the strategically deployed power. Thus, he argues, the public execution was ultimately an ineffective use of the body, do as non-economical. As well, it was applied non-uniformly and haphazardly. Hence, its political cost was too high. It was the antithesis of the more modern concerns of the state order and generalization. So it had to be reformed to allow for greater stability of property for the bourgeoisie.PunishmentThe switch to prison was not immediate. There was a more graded change, though it ran its course rapidly. Prison was preceded by a different form of public spectacle. The theater of public torture gave way to public chain gangs. Punishment became gentle, though not for humanitarian reasons, Foucault suggests. He argues that reformists were unhappy with the unpredictable, unevenly distributed nature of the violence the sovereign would inflict on the convict.The so vereigns right to punish was so disproportionate that it was ineffective and uncontrolled. Reformists felt up the power to punish and judge should become more evenly distributed, the states power must be a form of public power. This, according to Foucault, was of more concern to reformists than humanitarian jobs. Out of this movement towards generalized punishment, a thousand mini-theatres of punishment would have been created wherein the convicts bodies would have been put on display in a more ubiquitous, controlled, and effective spectacle. Prisoners would have been forced to do work that reflected their crime, thus repaying society for their infractions.This would have allowed the public to see the convicts bodies enacting their punishment, and thus to reflect on the crime. But these experiments lasted less than twenty years. Foucault argues that this theory of gentle punishment represented the first step away from the excessive force of the sovereign, and towards more generali zed and controlled mover of punishment. But he suggests that the shift towards prison that followed was the result of a new technology and ontology for the body being actual in the 18th century, the technology of discipline, and the ontology of man as machine.DisciplineThe emergence of prison as the form of punishment for every crime grew out of the development of discipline in the 18th and nineteenth centuries, according to Foucault. He looks at the development of highly refined forms of discipline, of discipline concerned with the smallest and most precise aspects of a persons body. Discipline, he suggests, actual a new economy and politics for bodies. Modern institutions required that bodies must be individuated according to their tasks, as well as for training, observation, and control. Therefore, he argues, discipline created a whole new form of identity for bodies, which enabled them to perform their duty within the new forms of economic, political, and military organizatio ns emerging in the modern age and continuing to today. The individuality that discipline constructs (for the bodies it controls) has four characteristics, namely it makes individuality which is * Cellulardetermining the spatial distribution of the bodies* Organicensuring that the activities required of the bodies are natural for them * Geneticcontrolling the exploitation over time of the activities of the bodies * Combinatoryallowing for the combination of the force of many bodies into a single massive force Foucault suggests this individuality can be implemented in systems that are officially egalitarian, but use discipline to construct non-egalitarian power relations Historically, the process by which the bourgeoisie became in the course of the eighteenth century the politically dominant class was masked by the establishment of an explicit, coded and formally egalitarian juridical framework, made possible by the organization of a parliamentary, good example regime. But the devel opment and generalization of corrective mechanisms constituted the other, dark side of these processes. The general juridical form that guaranteed a system of rights that were egalitarian in prescript was supported by these tiny, everyday, physical mechanisms, by all those systems of micro-power that are essentially non-egalitarian and asymmetrical that we call the disciplines. (222)Foucaults argument is that discipline creates docile bodies, ideal for the new economics, politics and warfare of the modern industrial age bodies that function in factories, ordered military regiments, and school classrooms. But, to construct docile bodies the disciplinary institutions must be able to (a) constantly observe and record the bodies they control and (b) ensure the internalization of the disciplinary individuality within the bodies being controlled. That is, discipline must come astir(predicate) without excessive force through careful observation, and molding of the bodies into the correc t form through this observation. This requires a particular form of institution, exemplified, Foucault argues, by Jeremy Benthams Panopticon. This architectural model, though it was never adopted by architects according to Benthams exact blueprint, becomes an important conceptualization of power relations for prison reformers of the 19th Century, and its general principle is a recurring theme in modern prison construction.The Panopticon was the ultimate realization of a modern disciplinary institution. It allowed for constant observation characterized by an unequal gaze the constant possibility of observation. Perhaps the most important feature of the panopticon was that it was specifically designed so that the prisoner could never be sure whether they were being observe at any moment. The unequal gaze caused the internalization of disciplinary individuality, and the docile body required of its inmates.This means one is less likely to break rules or laws if they believe they are b eing watched, even if they are not. Thus, prisons, and specifically those that follow the model of the Panopticon, provide the ideal form of modern punishment. Foucault argues that this is why the generalized, gentle punishment of public work gangs gave way to the prison. It was the ideal modernization of punishment, so its eventual dominance was natural. Having laid out the emergence of the prison as the dominant form of punishment, Foucault devotes the rest of the book to examining its precise form and function in our society, laying bare the reasons for its continued use, and questioning the assumed results of its use.PrisonIn examining the construction of the prison as the central means of criminal punishment, Foucault builds a case for the idea that prison became part of a larger carceral system that has become an all-encompassing sovereign institution in modern society. Prison is one part of a vast network, including schools, military institutions, hospitals, and factories, wh ich build a panoptic society for its members. This system creates disciplinary careers6 for those locked within its corridors. It is operated under the scientific authority ofmedicine, psychology, and criminology. Moreover, it operates according to principles that ensure that it cannot fail to produce delinquents.7 Delinquency, indeed, is produced when social petty crime (such as taking wood from the schoolmasters lands) is no longer tolerated, creating a class of specialized delinquents acting as the polices proxy in surveillance of society.The structures Foucault chooses to use as his starting positions help highlight his conclusions. In particular, his choice as a perfect prison of the penal institution at Mettray helps personify the carceral system. Within it is include the Prison, the School, the Church, and the work-house (industry) all of which feature heavily in his argument. The prisons at Neufchatel, Mettray, and Mettray Netherlandswere perfect examples for Foucault, bec ause they, even in their original state, began to show the traits Foucault was searching for. They showed the body of knowledge being developed about the prisoners, the creation of the delinquent class, and the disciplinary careers emerging.CriticismTheoretical arguments in favor of rejecting the Foucauldian model of Panopticism may be considered under five general headings 1) faulting of the Panoptical ideal by mechanisms of seduction, 2) Redundancy of the Panoptical impulse brought about by the evident durability of the self-surveillance functions which partly constitute the normal, socialized, Western subject, 3) Reduction in the number of occasions of any conceivable need for Panoptical surveillance on account of simulation, prediction and action before the fact, 4) Supplementation of the Panopticon by the Synopticon,5) harm of Panoptical control to produce reliably docile subjects.9 The first point concerns Zygmunt Baumans argument that the leading principle of social order h as moved from Panopticism to seduction. This argument is elaborated in his 1998 essay On postmodern uses of sex.10 The second argument concerns surveillance redundance, and it is increasingly relevant in the age of Facebook and online self-disclosure. Is the metaphor of a panopticon appropriate for voluntary surrender of privacy? The third argument for post-Panopticism, concerning action before the fact, is articulated by William Bogard The figure of the Panopticon is already haunted by a parallel figure of simulation. Surveillance, we are told, is discreet, unobtrusive, camouflaged, unverifiable all elements of artifice designed into an architectural arrangement of spaces to produce real effects of discipline.Eventually this will lead, by its means of perfection, to the elimination of the Panopticon itself . . . surveillance as its own simulation. Now it is no longer a matter of the speed at which information is gained to defeat an enemy. . . . Now, one can simulate a space of con trol, project an indefinite number of courses of action, train for each possibility, and react immediately with pre-programmed responses to the actual course of events . . . with simulation, sight and foresight, actual and virtual begin to merge. . . . Increasingly the technological enlargement of the field of perceptual control, the erasure of distance in the speed of electronic information has pushed surveillance beyond the very limits of speed toward the purest forms of anticipation.11 This kind of anticipation is particularly evident in emergent surveillance technologies such as social network analysis.The Synopticon concerns the surveillance of the few by the many.12 Examples of this kind of surveillance may include the theatre, the Coliseum, and celebrity tabloid reporting. This reversal of the Panoptical polarity may have become so pronounced that it closingly deconstructs the Panoptical metaphor altogether.9 Finally, the fifth point concerns the self-defeating nature of Pan optical regimes. The failure of surveillance states is illustrated by examples such as prison riots, asylum sub-cultures, ego survival in Gulag or concentration camp, and retribalization in the Balkans.9 In their 2007 article, Dobson and Fisher13 lay out an alternative model of post-panopticism as they identify three panoptic models. Panopticism I refers to Jeremy Benthams original conceptualization of the panopticon, and is it the model of panopticism that Foucault responds to in Discipline and Punish. Panopticism II refers to an Orwellian Big Brother ideal of surveillance.Panopticism tercet, the final model of panopticism, refers to the high-technology human tracking systems that are emergent in this 21st century. These geographical information systems (GIS) include technologies such as cellphone GPS, RFIDs (radio-frequency identification tags), and geo-fences. Panopticism III is also distinguished by its costs Panopticon III is affordable, effective, and available to anyone who wants to use it. Initial purchase prices and monthly service fees are equivalent to cell-phone costs. In less than five years, the cost of continuous surveillance of a single individual has dropped from several hundred thousand dollars per year to less than $500 per year. Surveillance in one case justified solely for national security and high-stakes commerce is readily available to track a spouse, child, parent, employee, neighbor, or stranger.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Stop This Train by John Mayer

Connecticut, John Mayer charmed his listeners with his poignant lyrics, sweet melodies, and mellow grooves. Since the release of his successful de precisely album, Room for Squares, his clever songwriting has fully grown Into breathtaking poetry. He demonstrated his ever evolving progress with the release of his fourth studio album, Continuum, in 2006. The album takes maturity as a theme throughout, with songs ranging from the politically charged Waiting for the World to Change to the heartbreaking and sultry sound of Slow Dancing in a Burning Room. Stop This machinate, also a song from John Mayors Continuum, speaks of the unpredictable ground between adolescence and adulthood. It was written during a time which Mayer referred to as solitary refinement He lied In go to bed suffering from double kidney st one and only(a)s and living in a hotel while finding a modernistic residence. In a state of uncertainty and seemingly dim venture, John Mayer wrote the song for those of us stra ddling the new world, trying to figure out non necessarily who we are, but how to be who we are.He knew that, despite their lack of familiarity with his personal tuition, any(prenominal) person who listened to the lyric of the song could relate to lifes daunting train ride. In the song, the train ride acts as an extended metaphor for the onward rush of life, which carries us frontward and takes us past people and things we wish to linger with. Meyers lyrics echo the feelings of so many young adults who are contemplating their future-?starting to build a new life, leaving old ones behind, losing loved ones, and becoming their own person. In the first stanza, Mayer introduces his perplexed state of mind with his struggle to face truth.He begins his Eng with Irony, No Im not colouring / I know the world Is black and white (1-2), claiming that he possesses the ability to see the true colors of the world. The colors black and white represent the speakers depression that the world is simply one way or another. The word blind and the speakers ability to see create an oxymoron because of their contradicting natures. In lines 3-4, Try to keep an open mind but I Just bungholet sleep on this tonight, Mayer expresses his troubles that make him restless. The song also symbolizes a reminder of lifes Inevitability.It streams forward like a train, ND never rat you go back to a certain point In time because theres no getting off, no changing direction, no stopping. Mayer creates a mental hear of the careening train ride in lines 5-8, Stop this train / I take to get off and go home again / I cant take the upper that its moving in. The use of imagery demonstrates Meyers understanding of what his audience experiences. In attempt to fully transport the listener to the scene, the song begins with a catchy up and imbibe melody that simulates a feeling of a traits wheels turning over and over again.The snares played wrought Stop This Train match the rhythmic sound of a tr ain so as to allow the audience to picture themselves also on this never ending journey. The high and low notes of the guitar may also stand for lifes ups and downs. By using the train as a metaphor, Mayer mirrored the rush of nostalgia as people live their lives day by day and suddenly steady down to take a look back at how far theyve come. Just like a train ride, one doesnt realize how far and fast their locomote has taken them until they stop to take a look around. In life, everyone fears conclusion or loss.As adulthood looms, so does ten mortar y AT our parents Mayer vocalizes tans Tear, Dont want to see my parents go (9). And while no one ever does, the time we become adults ourselves is when we begin to see the age in those that have shaped our lives. We see the death of our grandparents and realize we are a generation away from fighting life out on my own (10-11). And we panic because our parents, for so many of us, have been the safe net into which we fall. We begin to realize that safety net will not always be there. In truth, we are afraid of what we dont know, which is why Mayer claims Im only level-headed at being young (17).The thought of adulthood can be overwhelming as we realize that theres no stop button, that no one can stop this train. In the stanza about the conversation with his father, Mayer learns the best way to experience life is by not changing it. His father advises, Dont for a minute budge the place youre in / Dont think I couldnt ever understand John, honestly well never stop this train (23-26) The only thing we can really do is appreciate lifes train ride because wherever it may take us, were all in it together. The lyric in Stop This Train somewhat reflects lifes timeline.At a younger, much naive age we take for granted our family until we start aging and realizing that our time with them is, in fact, limited. In the song, Mayer goes from begging for someone to stop this train to accepting that he cant so he might as well enjoy the ride. The song is about being forced to let go of things, and accepting these losses. Its about the angst and curiousness that comes with moving into unknown parts of life. The fact that no matter what, we cant stop a day from turning into a week or a course of instruction from into turning into a decade, and the thought of this can seem a little intimidating and disheartening.As humans we only know what weve experienced, and the idea of having to readjust and move forward without any regard for personal desire can be downright terrifying. Growing up, children arent inclined to to take out a thing because they havent experienced the state of tinge when theyre asked the inevitable question What do you want to do with your life? Once in a while when its good / Itll feel lie it should / And theyre all lighten around / And youre still safe and sound (27-31). But as time progresses, the days when we were lulled into a false calm are gone and we realize we dont miss what w e have till its gone.And you dont miss a thing / till you cry when youre driving away in the dark (32-33). Mayors style of songwriting mirrors a sort of conversation he is having with himself, his family and friends, and also with his own time. Just as the songs of the slave represent the sorrows of his heart, Mayors songs are Just as full of importance as the music and get the better of to which they are set. Many people listen to songs for their uplifting melodies and dance-inspiring beats, but the deeper words in the lyrics prove that whats in a song is equally important to whats not there.In Stop This Train, Mayer oratory himself as Just another person coping with the apprehension and fear of loved ones dying, growing old, and facing life and all its difficulties. His fame and genius may veil the sorrows he faces on a daily basis from being away from his loved ones. The hidden message behind Stop This Train could embody a more personal than empathetic message. The harsh truth remains that, no matter how memorable or eventful our lives are, no one can escape time. Whether or not well grow to be 68, we will all be forced to brave more responsibility, expectations, and independence as we mature.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Job-hopping †Is It Good or Bad?

It is barely get to hear of a person who started their occupational group with an organization many years back, dedicated his entire course with the organization and finally retired from the same organization. As it is said, nothing persist forever same is in the case with job these long time. Jobs today do not last unlike previous generations. In the past few years, job-hopping has become so widespread across the industries that even a four years stint in the same organization is considered to be a stable job. Three jobs in less than a year, no longer chivyd eyebrows and gaps m starths. Job-hopping, in fact, has become a sunrise(prenominal) mantra for supremacy.People no longer believe in sticking to wiz job and waiting for that golden leap to come. So, whats the job-hopping is? In innocent terms it is the practice of changing jobs frequently, especially as a means of quick financial gain or career advancement. Basically, there are 2 kinds of job-hopping random job-hopping which is moving every time you get a better job offer (the typical quick financial gain job-hopping) and strategic job-hopping which is taking a new job because it enhances and helps build your career. Key reasons for job-hopping Welcome to the world of job-hoppers. Its an employee-driven economy.With more opportunities and avenues round the corner organization are really at the mercy of the employees. Some of the common reasons for hoping jobs as quoted by job-hoppers admit dissatisfaction with the job, lack of challenging work, stagnation or less pay, Poor Human resource insurance of the corporate, miss handling of the employees, corporate vision and mission not colliding with the employees persona, too much control applied on the employees, privileges are being delivered on the home longevity of the employees with the corporate, the eye-popping fat salaries and many more.These appear to be the main reasons for their resignations. Job-hopping also acts as a shortcut to success . Employees make their way to higher levels in the management hierarchy as each job change brings with it a hike in pay and position. Moreover, sticking to the same organization from which you started off your career is passe now. It is believed that those who hang on to the same job are taken for granted and declared not competent enough to move ahead in their career. Job-hopping How It Effect Your Career Success Is job-hopping and career success related to each other?What is the effect of one on the other? Job-hopping affects career success in a negative way. By hopping jobs frequently, you are engineering negative signals to your potential employer. Too a lot, job-hopping employees learn nothing substantial. Companies like to invest on those job seekers who correct their career goals with the corporate goals. The reason is simple. They are able to contribute better in the company and if they are constantly moving from one job to another(prenominal), they send a signal of non c ommitment. It gives a pessimistic image in the mind of the employer.Grass is not always green on the other side No doubt job-hopping has become the latest trend today, or a shortcut to success one flowerpotnot jump from one job to another as and when it strikes ones imagination. Moreover, though two or more jobs on a resume no longer are an employment risk, too many jobs in less than two years time portray one as a chronic job-hopper. A series of rapid, random and pointless moves will deliver up as annoyances on the resume. Employers view such contenders as dysfunctional lacking in loyalty, consecrate and self-motivation.Quick moves from one job to other raise big questions for prospective employers as to ones staying power and ability to withstand challenges, as well as accept accountability. Employer may feel that you are not pull to a particular organization. The future employers, who are probably looking for a long term employee, might not be impressed with the job-hopping tendencies. They might discern that one has become a job-hopper may be because of inability to get along with colleagues or employers. It does not even leave substantial time to produce sufficient experience and hands-on skills.Whats more is that after innumerable hops, one may find himself at the same place where he setoff started. The downside of job-hopping Many job-hoppers think that jumping from one job to another in rapid succession is a sure way to reach the top. However, they have to take a find out the hidden consequences. In unstable industries like hi- tech, advertising and television, job-hopping is the norm. In these industries, workers find out later that a resume with short period is a turn-off to employers. They may suspect a job-hopper of being unable to get along with the co-workers.Moreover, the job-hopper is also taking on a new boss who may turn out to be a tough leader. Studies indicate that employees often wrongly believe that they will get promotions if they switch organizations. However, the job-hoppers have to overcome obstacles like a clearly hostile boss, demotion or a significant decrease in pay etc. HR experts suggest that not to run out the first chance you get. A little patience can go a long way. Though job-hopping is a negative signal to prospective employers, but depending on the reasons it can also be a positive.Mick Hager, a leading HR expert explains the reasons why job-hopping is a bad thing as quoted in the website www. greenbaypressgazette. com. These include- * Youll never have the chance to lay down roots, establish a strong re be sickation and be viewed as an asset to the company. Job-hoppers miss the opportunities given to the solid, loyal, staying- put performers. * Job-hoppers are huge expenses for employers. It takes an employee at least sextette months to go from being a liability to contributing to the bottom line. That is why employers hate dealing with job-hoppers, they hail too much. Job-hopping se nds the message that you are not dependable, suggesting that you lack loyalty and commitment. Please dont tell me the woeful tale of how companies arent loyal to employees these days companies are loyal to the dependable, productive ones. * Job-hopping suggests incompetence, if youre so good- why you leave?* Job-hopping takes a mental toll. At some point you need stability in your life to maintain balance. * Your next boss could be worse * It suggests you are irresponsible or cannot maintain relationships * It indicates that you lack resolve and the ability to stick-to-it. Employees promote those they trust trust is earned over time. * It is just plain stupid In todays new environment, how short is too small to stay at a job? The answer varies among industries and professions. Earlier two to three years used to raise a red flag. Today, depending on the industry, it is 1 to1. 15 years. merely what employers are really looking at, did the person complete the project or commitment th at he made? B Lynn Ware, an employee retention expert with the Integral Ta lent Systems suggest the job-hoppers Youre really looking at a very limited window of productivity.Lets say someone sash with an organization for 2. 5 years. It takes them the first year and a half to really get up to speed. Then they spend their last three t six months looking for the next thing. That leaves about a half year of real productivity. Look beyond the fat pay offer to avoid another hop in a short time and perhaps less pleasant circumstances. Learning Relevant Skills and Knowledge Matters People who are in the new workforce and have been job-hopping quite a bit, it is advisable to find out what you want.If you able to recognize it, then find a organization that is willing to engineer or how they are willing to commit to their employees career in the long term. Instead of job-hopping frequently for career growth, make learning the relevant skills and knowledge in that industry ones key objective for a successful career. The skills and knowledge that one learns in the process will contribute to career success in the long term. If job-hoppers realize the benefit of committing to a company who is willing to train them for more than two years, hopefully they wont be job-hopping often anymore. Are job-hoppers are listening

Friday, May 24, 2019

English in my life Essay

In my lecture, English has only a sm wholly part. First of all, I speak tagalog all the time and my dominant language is tagalog. For standard at home, we rarely speak English. Most of the time my family and I speak in tagalog and taglish. So, Im sincerely adjusting during my social interactions, most of my friends speak in English. However, I know how to speak in English but the problem is I lack hold that leads me to being inconsistent in speaking in English. Now in school, this is the place where I most often speak and practice English. The school is very helpful and encouraging for me to always speak in English at all times. In short, the school makes me realize how important English is.My English usage is very minimal. Truly, that means Im really not that fluent in speaking in English. Thats why sometimes I tend to stutter, mispronounce and say sentences incorrectly. For me, thats so shallow and embarrassing so instead I choose to speak in tagalog. But for me I will also co nsider my mistakes to be my motivation to mend my English. Addition to this is that I may be hesitant to speak in English but at least Im trying to practice it. Therefore, I will continue practicing it so I will gain more confidence to speak more fluently in English.As we all know, English is helpful, useful and important to our future. Firstly, we are in an English-speaking country. So in order to communicate and interact with other people effectively, we should have to learn how to speak in English. Personally, it is important for me to enhance my English language for it will help me to future endeavors and in order to socialize I have to to the full understand the languages that engaged in so I easily understand ones feelings. In short, I will never stop learning, improving and practicing my English language for this will help me in my profession in the near future.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Contract and Additional Work

Gary Porter Construction v. dun Construction, Inc. , 2004 Ut. App. 354, 101 p. 3d 371 (2004). Facts The University of Utah was in need of a womens Gymnastics training facility so they sub occupyed Fox Construction, Inc. to complete the project. For the soil and ground work Fox Construction, Inc. sub stimulateed with Gary Porter Construction. Gary Porter Construction, Inc. performed their work establish on specific plans as well as some work orthogonal of the plans. The combined total from the be after project was $146,740.The superfluous work absolute at Foxs request cost Gary Porter construction additional costs and Fox refuse to pay for the additional work done outside the subcontract. Procedure A suit was filed by Gary Porter in the Utah State Court against Fox with alleging breech of an implied-in-fact contract. The approach granted succinct ideal for Porter, which Fox later appealed to a state intermediate court. Issue If sections of a contract are left out by mistake, i s the contract still reasoned and enforceable? Were all the requirements of an implied-in-fact contract met?Holding Yes Reasoning The appellate court affirmed the lower courts summary judgment in favor of Porter. Fox knew that the additional work that Porter did would be followed up with an additional charge. Fox should have known that there would have been additional costs for the work outside of the intend procedure. Porter completed the work only after Foxs manager requested it and it was implied to be additional from the start. The additional work not planned in the subcontract was valued at $161,309. 08 as well as the $135,441. 62 contacted value.The issue of the sections being mistakenly not readed in the contract is voided because Fox did not inform Porter about what all needed to be included. Decision and Remedy Gary Porter Construction won against Fox Construction, Inc. Fox was ordered to pay Porter the balance of $161,309. 08 for the work done but was excluded in the or iginal contract. Blackmon v. Iverson, 324 F. supp. 2d 602 (2005). Facts In 1987 Jamil Blackmon met a promising high schoolhouse basketball star, Allen Iverson. Blackmon supported Allen Iverson financially and provided other forms of support for his family as well, realizing his athletic potential.In 1994 Jamil Blackmon proposed a new nickname for the basketball star The Answer. The nickname would represent Mr. Iverson with clothing, sports apparel, and basketball clothes. Mr. Blackmon presented the idea to Allen and Allen agreed to give Blackmon 25 percent of profits from the nickname. Iverson was later drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers. After many months, Iverson entered a contract with Reebok, a shoe company, to manufacture, market, and sell a line of sportswear using the same nickname, The Answer. Blackmon moved to Philadelphia at the request of Mr. Iverson and has requested 25 percent of the profits on many occasions.Allen Iverson continues to receive pay from Reebok from the continuing product line. Procedure Mr. Blackmon filed a suit in Federal District Court against Mr. Iverson for breach of an express contract to which Allen Iverson filed a motion to dismiss. Issue Is past consideration sufficient to create a binding contract? Is continuous gracious conduct in transform for a promise a reasoned consideration? Holding No Reasoning The courts reasoning was fully based on past consideration. Mr. Iverson allegedly promised 25 percent of his profits because of three forms of consideration.First, Blackmon provided him with the nickname The Answer. Second, he helped Allen Iversons family, and third, he moved to Philadelphia when Iverson was drafted there. Mr. Iverson offered to pay Mr. Blackmon 25 percent long before entering a contract with Reebok. These forms of past consideration make the contract invalid. There were no valid forms of consideration to make a valid express contract between the two men. Decision and Remedy Allen Iverson won the case. T he United States District Court, eastern District of Pennsylvania, granted Allen Iversons motion to dismiss.Vokes v. Arthur Murray, Inc. , 212 So. 2d 906 (Ct. App. Fl. 1986). Facts Audrey E. Vokes, a widow with no family, had a passion for dancing and wanted to become a successful dancer and find a new pertain in life. In 1961 Arthur Murray, Inc. , a franchise that has taught about 20 million people to dance, invited Audrey to a dance party. When she attended her instructors told her about her potential as a successful dancer due to her excellent grace and poise. After being told about her level-headed potential, she bought eight half-hour dances for $14. 50 each to be used in one month.Throughout the next sixteen months she continued to buy these lessons totaling $31,090. 45. Ms. Vokes eventually began to realize that her instructors were only telling her what she wanted to hear and she was not actually good at dancing. Procedure Vokes filed a suit against Arthur Murray, Inc. for fraudulent misrepresentation. After being dismissed in trial court, Vokes appealed her complaint to the District Court of Florida. Issue If a party possesses expertise, can a statement of opinion be get worded as a statement of fact and be actionable? Holding Yes.Reasoning Misrepresentation cannot regard opinions they must contain facts. If one party has a statement that could be considered an opinion, it could result being a factual statement based on the totality of superior knowledge contained by that party. Using the reasonable soulfulness method, Vokes would potentially have reason to believe that Arthur Murray Inc. has superior knowledge of her dance potential. When her instructors Revels v. deteriorate the States Organization, __N. C. __, 641 S. E. 2d 721 (2007). Facts Miss North Carolina Pageant Organization, Inc. (MNCPO) is a franchise of Miss America Organization (MAO).Under contract between these two parties, MNCPO holds a state argument to select a finalist for the national competition ran by MAO. On June 22, 2002, Rebekah Revels was selected to be Mrs. North Carolina. On July19, 2002 an anonymous e-mail said came out stating that Mrs. Revels cohabitated with a potent non-relative and that nude photos of her existed. Mrs. Revels came out and confirmed that the photos existed. MAO and MNCPO approached Revels and asked her to resign from her position as Miss North Carolina or else she would be excluded from the national competition.On July 23, 2002 Mrs. Revels ended up resigning from her Miss North Carolina position. Procedure Revels resulted in filing a suit in the North Carolina state court against MAO, MNCPO, and other organizations for breach of contract. The court issued a summary judgment in MAOs favor to which Revels appealed to a state intermediate appellate court. Issue Must a contract be kill for the direct, and not incidental, benefit of the third party in order to assert rights as a third party benefactive role? Holding Yes.Reaso ning A person isnt the direct beneficiary of a contract if the contract benefits that person but wasnt intended to benefit that person. A person is the direct beneficiary of a contract only if the contracting parties intend to confer a legally enforceable benefit directly to that person. Revels was unable to prove that MAOs contract was intended to have her be the sole beneficiary because anyone who wins can be the beneficiary under the franchise commensurateness. The agreement did state that the MAO willing accept the MNCPO winner but this does not show that Mrs.Revels was the intended beneficiary of this agreement. Rebekah Revels was an incidental beneficiary of the agreement because she won the pageant and does not have enforceable rights against Miss America Organization based on their agreement with MISS north Carolina Pageant Organization Inc. Decision and Remedy Based on the agreement between the two organizations, Revels was an incidental beneficiary and therefore couldnt maintain any actions against them. The state intermediate appellate court affirmed the lower courts decision in favor of MAO.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

An Insight into Academic Writing Essay

Authors Gerald Graff and Cathy Berkenstein claim in their book, They Say, I Say, that academic piece of writing is non virtually playing it safe and piling up truths and bits of knowledge, like many people assume. Rather, it is about the dynamic interaction between other peoples points of prognosis and the authors response to those perspectives. In chapter one of Graff and Berkensteins book they emphasize the necessity of balance when implementing certain writing moves, specifically, when introducing a counter- sensible horizon, summarizing others arguments, and when quoting someone elses words.Graff and Berkenstein contend that by opening an argument with an explanation of what the thesis is responding tointroducing a counter-viewgives the main point clarity and relevance. They encourage stating the opposing view or assumption initially so that it will define and explain what the thesis is addressing. But, they also caution the generator not to bloat their introduction with aw ay information for fear of losing the audiences focus and engagement. What Graff and Berkenstein suggest, then, is that as soon as possible you state your proclaim position and the one its responding to together, and that you look at of the two as a unit. Basically, they insist that the best way to give a genuine response to others views during academic writing is to contract a balance between introducing what They Say (the opposing point of view) and what I Say (the writers response). If being in a constant dialogue with others positions is essential to arguing persuasively, as Graff and Berkenstein claim, then summarizing others arguments is central to the writers arsenal of basic moves. All too often during a summary, writers will provide their own opinions on an articles topic rather than revealing what the article is actually stating.On the opposite extreme, there are the writers who do nothing hardly summarize, which dilutes their own views in an ocean of someone elses i deas. Graff and Berkenstein remind us that a good summary requires balancing what the original author is saying with the writers own focus. In other words, an exceptional summary contains the perspective of the original author, while emphasizing the points the responding author wants to address. One of the best ways to bulge an effective argument is not only to summarize what they say, but to quote their exact words.According to Graff and Berkenstein, Quoting someone elses words gives a tremendous meat of credibility to your summary and helps ensure that it is fair and accurate. By quoting someone elses exact statement it serves as a proof of evidence that you are not just fabricating anothers claim, but that you are disclosing their true ideas. Like introducing a counter-view and summarizing, quoting requires that you find an ideal balance between the quantity of quotes and content of commentary.A common issue with quoting is when the author assumes the quote speaks for itself. As Graff and Berkenstein, quotes are like literary orphans that have been taken from their original context, they need to be integrated into their unseasoned textual surroundings. In simpler terms, a quote needs to be introduced, interpreted, and then connected to the central idea. I install chapter one of Graff and Berkensteins book, They Say, to be exceedingly interesting and useful. The way they tied all their information to a central idea, while explaining how to do just that fascinated me.I felt like their writing had a constant flow from introduction of a move, to implementing balance, to common problems, how to fix those problems, and then to exercises that would reinforce their primary concepts. Their style and content kept me engaged and focused. Also, I learned a handful of writing tactics, like introducing a counter-view, summarizing, and inserting quotes, that I was not one-hundred percent sure on how to do prior to the reading. Overall, I found the chapter to be en gaging, informative, and beneficial to me and my writing style.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Both Dr Faustus and the pardoner share an obsessive greed Essay

Both Dr Faustus and the excuser share an obsessive greed. For Faustus we are fascinated by his greed to rival God in monetary value of power and companionship, but repelled by his methods in which to pursue this, which leads him to sell his soul to the devil. Why would one go to such lengths to have his most desires of power, of honour, of omnipotence, it is this fact that repels us from Faustus as his methods are immoral.But we are fascinated by the disastrous effects it has upon Faustus, inevitably leading him to Hell, moreover, within the 24 years that he had to touch his desires, he doesnt do the extravagant things he claimed he was going to do such as to fill the public schools with silk or ransack the oceanic for orient pearl, highlighting that pursuing greed inevitably leads to a persons demise. The same can be said in the pardoners tale, in which three peasants find an over-the-hill man who they mistake for death in which he leads them to a true where they find gold.Th ere fixation can be easily connected to human nature which undermines our fascination to their situation, because it could happen to anyone. Its common to want to be superior in riches to others, competition drives advancements, so in that respect, we are not fascinated by the Pardoners tale. Another viewpoint would be that we are fascinated by the Pardoners tale because we can easily connect to it, the same being for Faustus. Furthermore, the Pardoner himself is a fascinating character because of his blatant contradiction.He openly tells the pilgrims that he sells relikes made of cloutes and of bones, rags and bones in which he deceives muckle to buy them. But the message of the tale is that the arrested development of money leads to death, however the pardoner openly admits his obsession of money. Faustus is obsessed with knowledge. He would stop at nothing to gain all the knowledge in the world which is why he produces down(p) when Mephastophilis and presents him with one book which has the answers to his questions, O thou art deceived. Because Faustus is so fixated on acquiring all the knowledge there is to know, he doesnt command it to be all in one book.This repels us from Faustus because to acquire this knowledge he goes to extreme lengths, in this instance, selling his soul to the devil for 24 years. When the taradiddle was first published in 1604, the audience would of definiately been repelled by this because selling ones soul to the devil would be of been a serious sin. Modern interpretations would be more generous to the fact that Faustus sells his soul, but in a country where around 80% are Christian, a youthful day audience would still be repelled and curb it immoral to go to such extreme lengths.What fascinates us about Faustus is his greed to rival that of God, not the methods he does to acquire this, but the fact that he has this desire. He openly challenges God, yet openly praises God and heaven, when I behold the heavens, then I repent.. thou hast deprived me of those joys. There is a constant battle with Faustus between his obsession with power and his religious beliefs. He wants to go forward in terms of knowledge but to an extent where he becomes isolated from God because he is so driven by his obsession.Christopher Marlowe highlights that following greed will inevitably lead to downfall and Faustuss downfall was being too obsessed with power and knowledge which lead him to sell his soul in desperation for this. Also, for the 24 years that he had before his soul would be taken he could have execute his desires, instead performing petty illusions for the emperor calling him my gracious lord, highlighting that even with immense power he still follows the social rules of life.Which in effect show the limits of man, as with so much power, Faustus is still limited to the restrictions of his mind. Also, being obsessed with greed will lead ultimately lead to failure, Faustus is blind by short term gains, not t aking into account long term implications, do give both body and soul to Lucifer, he sells his soul to the devil which is for eternity, not realising this, only to please himself for 24 years. The same can be said in the Pardoners tale, in which the peasants become obsessed with money when they founde of florins fine of gold.Earlier in the Pardoners tale, the Pardoner states that Radix malorum est Cupiditas Love of money is the root of all evil. foretell grave consequences for the peasants who find the gold, in which their obsession for the gold leads them to kill eachother off, even forgetting their oath of becoming brother, and ech of us bicomen others brother. When blinded by greed, the three peasants only think about themselves, which highlights the damaging effects of an obsession for wealth.Its our basic instinct to want to be better than others and the peasants are exhibiting this behaviour. Because its common for people to want to be wealthier than others, the message is n ot unique which undermines our fascination with the story. However the person telling the story is fascinating because he openly contradicts himself, he proudly tells of his schemes to exploit poor peoples fears for money which evidently works as he makes an hundred mark.Why he tells of his exploitative ways is fascinating, because he openly tells the other pilgrims without fear, but as seen, the bartender finds his methods bitter, thou woldest make me kisse thyn olde breech, and swere it were a relik of a seint, the host points out that the Pardoner would sell his old underpants and claim it to be a relic which is why were repelled by the Pardoner because his methods of acquiring such wealth is deemed wrong, even as a modern interpretation.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Part Five Chapter X

XGavin was wearing dark glasses against the glare of the morning sun, but that was no disguise Samantha Mollison was sure to recognize his car. When he caught sight of her, striding on the pavement alone with her hands in her pockets and her head down, Gavin made a sharp left turn, and rather of continuing along the road to bloody shames, crossed the old stone bridge, and parked up a lieu lane on the other side of the river.He did not want Samantha to get a line him parking exterior Marys house. It did not matter on work twenty-four hour periods, when he wore a suit and carried a briefcase it had not mattered beforehand he had admitted to himself what he felt ab by Mary, but it mattered correctly away. In any case, the morning was glorious and a walk bought him time.Still keeping my options open, he thought, as he crossed the bridge on foot. on that point was a small boy sitting by himself on a bench, eating sweets, below him. I dont have to say anything Ill play it by ea r But his palms were wet. The thought of Gaia telling the Fairbrother duplicate that he was in love with their mother had haunted him all through a restless night.Mary seemed pleased to see him.Wheres your car? she asked, peering over his shoulder.Parked it down by the river, he state. Lovely morning. I fancied a walk, and then it occurred to me that I could mow the lawn if you Oh, Graham did it for me, she said, but thats so sweet of you. recognise in and have a coffee.She chatted as she moved around the kitchen. She was wearing old cut-off jeans and a jersey they showed how thin she was, but her hair was shiny again, the way he usually thought of it. He could see the twin girls, lying out on the freshly mown lawn on a blanket, both with headphones in, auditory modality to their iPods.How are you? Mary asked, sitting down beside him.He could not think why she sounded so concern then he remembered that he had found time to tell her, yesterday, during his brief visit, that he an d Kay had split up.Im OK, he said. Probably for the best.She smiled and patted his arm.I take ind last night, he said, his mouth a little dry, that you might be pathetic.News travels fast in Pagford, she said. Its sound an idea. Theresa wants me to move back to Liverpool.And how do the kids feel about that?Well, Id deferment for the girls and Fergus to do their exams in June. Declans not so much of a problem. I mean, none of us wants to consecrate She melted into tears in front of him, but he was so talented that he reached out to touch her delicate wrist.Of course you dont Barrys grave.Ah, said Gavin, his happiness snuffed out like a candle.Mary wiped her cyclosis eyeball on the back of her hand. Gavin found her a little morbid. His family cremated their dead. Barrys burial had simply been the second he had ever attended, and he had hated everything about it. Gavin saw a grave purely as a marker for the place where a corpse was decomposing a nasty thought, yet multitude t ook it into their heads to visit and bugger off flowers, as though it might yet recover.She had got up to get tissues. Outside on the lawn, the twins had switched to communion a set of headphones, their heads bobbing up and down in time to the same song.So Miles got Barrys seat, she said. I could hear the celebrations all the way up here last night.Well, it was Howards yeah, thats right, said Gavin.And Pagfords nearly rid of the Fields, she said.Yeah, looks like it.And now Miles is on the council, itll be easier to close Bellchapel, she said.Gavin always had to remind himself what Bellchapel was he had no interest in these issues at all.Yeah, I suppose so.So everything Barry precious is finished, she said.Her tears had dried up, and the patches of high angry colour had returned to her cheeks. I dwell, he said. Its really sad.I dont know, she said, take over flushed and angry. Why should Pagford pick up the bills for the Fields? Barry but ever saw one side of it. He thought eve ryone in the Fields was like him. He thought Krystal Weedon was like him, but she wasnt. It never occurred to him that people in the Fields might be happy where they are.Yeah, said Gavin, overjoyed that she disagreed with Barry, and feeling as if the shadow of his grave had lifted from between them, I know what you mean. From all Ive heard about Krystal Weedon She got more of his time and his attention than his own daughters, said Mary. And she never until now gave a penny for his wreath. The girls told me. The whole rowing team chipped in, except Krystal. And she didnt come to his funeral, even, after all hed make for her.Yeah, well, that shows Im sorry, but I cant stop thinking about it all, she said frenetically. I cant stop thinking that hed still want me to worry about bloody Krystal Weedon. I cant get past it. All the last day of his life, and he had a headache and he didnt do anything about it, writing that bloody articleI know, said Gavin. I know. I think, he said, with a sense of putting his foot tentatively on an old rope bridge, its a bloke thing. Miles is the same. Samantha didnt want him to stand for the council, but he went ahead anyway. You know, whatever men really like a bit of power Barry wasnt in it for power, said Mary, and Gavin hastily retreated.No, no, Barry wasnt. He was in it for He couldnt help himself, she said. He thought everyone was like him, that if you gave them a hand theyd start bettering themselves.Yeah, said Gavin, but the point is, there are other people who could use a hand people at home Well, exactly said Mary, dissolving yet again into tears.Mary, said Gavin, leaving his chair, moving to her side (on the rope bridge now, with a sense of mingled panic and anticipation), look its really early I mean, its far too soon but youll meet someone else.At forty, sobbed Mary, with four children Plenty of men, he began, but that was no good he would rather she did not think she had too many options. The right man, he cor rected himself, wont care that youve got kids. Anyway, theyre such(prenominal) nice kids anyone would be glad to take them on.Oh, Gavin, youre so sweet, she said, dabbing her eyes again.He put his arm around her, and she did not shrug it off. They stood without speaking while she blew her nose, and then he felt her tense to move away, and he said, Mary What?Ive got to Mary, I think Im in love with you.He knew for a few seconds the glorious pride of the skydiver who pushes off firm floor into limitless space.Then she pulled away.Gavin. I Im sorry, he said, observing with alarm her repulsed expression. I wanted you to hear it from me. I told Kay thats why I wanted to split up, and I was scared youd hear it from someone else. I wouldnt have said anything for months. Years, he added, laborious to bring back her smile and the mood in which she found him sweet.But Mary was shaking her head, harness folded over her thin chest.Gavin, I never, ever Forget I said anything, he said fooli shly. Lets just forget it.I thought you understood, she said.He gathered that he should have known that she was encased in the invisible armour of grief, and that it ought to have protected her.I do understand, he lied. I wouldnt have told you, only Barry always said you fancied me, said Mary.I didnt, he said frantically.Gavin, I think youre such a nice man, she said breathlessly. But I dont I mean, even if No, he said loudly, exhausting to drown her out. I understand. Listen, Im going to go.Theres no need But he almost hated her now. He had heard what she was trying to say even if I werent grieving for my husband, I wouldnt want you.His visit had been so brief that when Mary, slightly shaky, poured away his coffee it was still hot.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Calvin’s Ideas About the Church Organisation Essay

There are umpteen factors which are authorized to examine in determining the of import reason for the success of the genevan Reformation, for example Calvins ideas about the church service organisation and Calvins leadership and in the flesh(predicate) impact, the previous exposure of Geneva to Protestantism and Calvins ability to overcome his opponents. Calvin himself placed a strong fury on The Ecclesiastical Ordinances, differing from Luther who left organization to the Princes. As it was vital to him, in 1541 Calvin drafted an ecclesiastical constitution for Geneva which should be accepted in come back for him taking on responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the city.With both(prenominal) modifications it was approved by the political authorities and set in place a Calvinist Church order. Calvin believed thither must be a strict structure to preach the Word and it consisted of four orders of ministers Pastors to teach, preach, airing the Word and publicly and priva tely admonish nations conduct, Doctors to teach true doctrines and act as teachers in schools, Deacons to care for the poor, needy and sick who were chosen by the Little Council and finally the Elders who were to supervise each persons conduct and to warn backsliders and those of a disorderly life 12 lay people from different parts of the city.Those who failed to comply with Calvins strict standards could be punished by the Calvinist court. The Consistories were fissiparous of civil courts and secular authorities. It was hard to argue with this model as it was based on the scriptures and was widely copied. after(prenominal) 1555 his authority was unchallenged and the Little Council even adopted practices of the Grabeau. The Ordinances indoctrinated children in a sense soon there was a generation who knew nonhing but his teachings. However, this associate to the previous exposure of Geneva to Protestantism, as Calvin offered an openhearted solution in a time of religious crisi s in the country. There were a small look of Genevan Reformers in the 1520s such as Farel and Viret. Both Lutheran and Zwinglian reformations were making great progress and the city of capital of Switzerland had also carried out a reformation in 1528. Despite this, the Council could not make a stopping point and churches were ransacked, masses suspended and the cathedral clergy left.Three months later there was a feeling of apathy as to what would replace the broken Catholic Church. Calvin came to Geneva offereing a truly reformed faith that was well ordered and supported authority. This appealed to many and he offered an alternative to Lutheranism which he felt had not gone far bountiful. This links to the abutting point, as Calvin himself was key in asserting authority through caution and his give charisma in order to gain support, for example as he was cunningly able to example the current situation in Geneva to manipulate the Council into seeing his ideas as desirable an d accepting many of his radical proposals. In many ways Calvin should have been a poor leader he was an trigger-happy scholar and mostly in poor health but he inspired admiration kinda than affection.Calvin himself is quoted to have said that the citizens of Berne have always feared rather than loved me. His single-minded, totally focused advance partly explains his success- also as a theologian and debater many suggested there was no equal. Finally, this links into the next factor that Calvins adversary was suppressed, so in most aspects there was no equal contestant, although it was a 14-year struggle. Calvin experienced both religious and political/social opposition. In 1542 Sebastian Castellio who was appointed as pass of the Genevan college by Calvin claimed that a book in the Old Testament was in fact an erotic poesy which should not be included in the scriptures which Calvin felt this was an attack on. Castellio left Geneva and was expelled on his return by the Syndic due to Calvins convincing. The Michael Servitus affair is also a strong example of Calvins impressive suppression of religious opposition.He was a Spanish theologian who adopted extreme views and became offended when others did not accept them, eg. he condemned infant baptism and the Doctrine of the Trinity. He was suspected of heresy so went undercover in Vienna where he wrote a book and send a copy to Calvin. Calvin recognized his work and sent authorities to where he was, but he escaped. Although he later turned up to one of Calvins sermons and was then burned at the stake. Diarmaid MacCulloch claims that many people opposed Calvin because they disagreed with his simple laws against e.g. dancing and singing. Some opposition was on the basic principle of who was in charge, the civil government was run by aristocrats and the Church by highly educated French elite so battles were always over who would decide punishments for wrongdoers.The Libertines were constantly called in advan ce the Consistory for bad conduct eg. dancing, making obscene gestures and gambling etc. Perrin was part of the Syndic however when he began to grumble and demand more power, therefore Syndics began to support Calvin against him. The Libertines were removed from all Genevan councils and fled or were tortured/executed. To conclude, I hark back that a number of factors were important in the success of the Genevan Reformation, and Calvins presence underpins all of them. Although Calvin has been accused of a ruthless approach I believe that his success in suppressing opposition was vital the Reformation as it disallowed powerful opposition from crushing Genevan efforts.I then think that the structure of the Church under Calvin was the next important as many found it hard to fault this approach and it became widely used. Calvin personally was important in the Reformation as it was key that he was able to appeal to or incite fear in people in order to achieve his aims, but this ties in with his ability to suppress opposition. finally then, although I found the situation in Geneva and its exposure to Protestant ideas again vital, there were many key factors and it would be wrong to suggest that none played any role in the spread and success of Protestantism in Geneva.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Constitution Compromises Essay

To the founders of the new American nation, it was important to make sure all states of the union stayed together. To experience no states succeeded, many via medias were made in the ratification of the physical composition, including those regarding representation and slavery, which allowed the majority of the world to be sate and successfully governed the nations. Although the states populations were unequal, they all wanted their fair share of say in the presidential term the problem was they couldnt decide what that fair share was.Their decision to create a bicameral administration satisfied both the sparsely and densely populated states. The smaller states got their representation by the Senate, while the large states got their wishes fulfilled by the House of Representatives. This compromise was ultimately for the demote, being that a bicameral system has perks associated with it. For instance, a dual representation situation increases the chance that representatives h ave direct contact with the citizens, thus representing their population better.The dickens houses ultimately better served their country and resolved a conflict as well. Slavery was also an cope that saw a lot of dispute. Generally, Abolitionists in the North wanted to abolish slavery completely however, this didnt sit right with the South, whose economy desperately depended on slaves to flourish. There were two compromises about slavery. The first compromise ended the slave trade, and the second addressed the taradiddleing of slaves in a states population for the census, as well as taxes.Being that the northern views were already stepping on the Souths toes, they couldnt afford any clash to bring about talk of a separation from the union. Their decision to account 3/5 of a slave when apportioning taxes and representatives favored neither side in this dispute. This was for the better in that the southern states couldnt really argue with the decision and stayed with the Union. Be cause the compromises that were made in the making of the constitution aimed to please, they worked by ensuring all states were happy, thus more likely to listen to the government and stay in the union.

A comparison of text and a production of Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay

From page to stage- A comparison of text and a production of Shakespeares Macbeth.I have decided to aim my coursework at the scene where Banquos trace appears to Macbeth. I am basing my coursework around the reactions of gentlewoman Macbeth and Macbeth, and also the look in which Banquo is portrayed to us in Shakespeares play and the achievement, which we attended, by the Long Overdue Theatre Company.I am comparing each of these characters from the performance with the way that they are portrayed in the indite variation.In the TLOTC performance we receive a calm atmosphere at the time of the banquet, however in the written version more rich version is revealed to us. In the production version I dont receive we were given a very clear image of how Macbeth changed throughout the scene.The text initially portrays an image of how horrified Macbeth is when he consumes Banquo posing at the t adequate. When reading the play we basis consider whats happening throughout the scene. We can visualise how Macbeth talks to Banquo as though he is fully human and is really there. We see this by the way Macbeth speaks to Banquo,Never shake thy gory locks at me.It is in this way that we can tell clearly whats happening in this scene. The TLOTC portrays this to us well, I feel that they gave us the clear view of Macbeths feelings towards the ghost. I feel that this helped us to net the fear that Macbeth felt. They showed Macbeths actions clearly, he was very shaken and scared, I feel that the tone of voice he utilise was very effective.I feel that we learn more about Macbeths astonishment and disbelief in the TLOTC performance than in the text. Macbeth asks Which of you have done this?This shows us that Macbeth is in shock at what he is seeing before him. In the performance we are able to see the facial expressions, I feel that this helps us to get a clearer view at what Macbeth is feeling. Whereas in the written version we can only try and visualise what Macbeth i s feeling.The tone of voice use helps us to realise the tension which Macbeth feels. Each time Banquo entered the room Macbeths tone of voice changed it became shaken and very loud. I think that Ben Shockley portrayed this very well in the performance. Macbeth tries to tell the others what he sees before him. He judges to themIf I stand here I saw him.In the written version we cant tell what type of voice is used so less emphasis is put on Macbeths words.The supernatural elements were portrayed to us more clearly in the performance. In the written version Shakespeare gives very few stage directions. In the LOTC production I felt that the sound effects that were used each time Banquos ghost appeared were very effective, in the way in which we are able to tell when Banquos ghost was appearing. We get none of this build up of tension from the written version.I feel, however, that the written version is much fuller than that of the performance as the impact of Shakespeares language was more obvious. This was particularly at the beginning of the scene, where bird Macbeth seems to have a very calm, patient situation towards Macbeth. doll Macbeth says to the others in a calm voiceSit, worthy friends, my Lord is often thus.We can see Lady Macbeths attitude change towards Macbeth in both the performance and the written version. When she hears Macbeth speak to the ghost only she doesnt know who her husband is talking to. Lady Macbeth tries to be strong and reassure everyone that Macbeths conduct should not alarm them, when she says to them My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth.As Macbeth begins again to talk to Banquo Lady Macbeths attitude changes again, she begins to panic a lot more. I feel that the way she was panicking partly was giving away(predicate) their innocence. Lady Macbeths panic is conveyed on stage when she saysPray you speak not, he grows worse and worse, questions enrage him. At once, good night.In the LOTC performance and in the w ritten version Lady Macbeth is shown as the stronger person between her and Macbeth. Lady Macbeth begins to get so antagonised that she begins threatening Macbeths right to call himself a man she says What, quite unmanned in folly?I feel that the performance gives a better view on Lady Macbeths strong will to keep her and Macbeth from sounding guilty. Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth not to worry as she is afraid that all his worrying will give away their innocence. I feel that the blood, which appeared from Banquos mouth and nose, helped the audience to visualise Banquos presence as a ghost, of a murder man, intent on making his killer suffer.