Anne Frank A Young Jewish Girl Who Lived - 1054 Words

Anne Frank Anne Frank was a young Jewish girl who lived in Germany during World War II. She was born in 1929 and died in a concentration camp in 1945. In 1933 Anne’s family moves from Germany to Amsterdam. Starting in the 1940’s the Nazi’s came into power and started separating the Jews from the rest of the population. The Nazi’s started beating and killing Jewish people and sending them off to concentration camps. The Jewish people who couldn’t escape from the Nazis would go into hiding. There were non-Jewish people who helped the Jews either leave the country or hide them in houses away from the Nazis. In 1942 Anne’s family goes into hiding in an annex. An annex is like an attic. She has to live in a small space with her sister, Margot, her dad, Otto, and her Mother, Edith and the van Pels. It was hard on Anne and everyone else to live in such a small space and live with the fear of being caught and having no privacy from each other. Anne was thirteen years old when she went into hiding. While in hiding Anne had a diary where she wrote all about her experience and time in the annex. It was a hard enough life dealing with the war, going into hiding, and living in a small space but somehow Anne still sounds like a teenager and I can relate to some of her teenage struggles. Anne Frank and her mother didn t get along in the slighted bit. What had happened is that they were stuck in a tiny space over the time span of 2 years and it also doesn t help that Anne is aShow MoreRelatedDiary Of Anne Frank1185 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Frank was a young Jewish girl who was forced into hiding during the second world war to escape the Nazis. On her 13th birthday, when she received an autograph book from her father, she vividly records her experiences through a life lived in the shadows of Nazi genocide. To a large extent, Anne Frank’s diary explains what life was like for Jewish families during the second world war. In 1933, when Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany, instigating acts of discrimination and violence againstRead MoreAnne Frank And The Holocaust1016 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Anne Frank is a Jewish girl who has to go into hiding during World War Two to escape from the Nazis †¦ After more than two years in hiding they are discovered and deported to concentration camps †¦ After her death Anne becomes world famous because of the diary she wrote while in hiding† (annefrank.org). Anne Frank was a young girl who had a bright future, but it was taken away from her by the Nazi’s and Holocaust. Before the Holocaust, Anne Frank was just the typical young girl. During the HolocaustRead MoreThe Diary Of A Young Girl1537 Words   |  7 PagesAnn Frank was a significant German-Jewish diarist. She was known for writing diary while hiding in the attic for escaping from Nazi party’s catching. (Roosevelt) Therefore, Ann Frank’s family and another family hid in the â€Å"secret Annex† in seclusion which is isolated from the outside world at Amsterdam. They lived crowded, confronted hunger, and fed up with the life in living at the confined attic (back of the book). For the next difficult two years, Ann Frank kept on her diary and recorded whatRead MoreAnne Frank : A Dark Time Period989 Words   |  4 PagesAnne Frank The Holocaust was a dark time period where millions of people were killed, including a young girl named Anne Frank (â€Å"Anne Frank.† The Famous People website). She died at the age of fifteen from horrible treatment and deadly laboring for hours and hours (Feldman). She left all her belongings and memories so she could be safe from the German Nazi’s. Her early prepared her helped her get through and watch her country be destroyed by the holocaust in which she tragically died in. Anne FrankRead MoreAnne Frank Was A Dutch Girl Who Lived During The Jewish Antisemitism Period1296 Words   |  6 PagesAnne Frank was a dutch girl who lived during the jewish antisemitism period and unfortunately died in the Holocaust. Born in Frankfurt (Germany), on June 12, 1929 she used to live with her older sister, Margot, her father, Otto and her mother, Edith until one day the nazi s ideas reached the town were they used to live. Her life has been plenty of adventures and bad moments that she had to overpass. All of these horrible adventures that she went through were able to be known by the people thanksRead MoreEssay on Anne Frank1276 Words   |  6 Pages On June 12, 1929, at 7:30 A.M. a baby girl was born in Frankfurt, Germany. No one realized that this infant, who was Jewish, was destined to become one of the world’s most famous victims of World War II. Her name was Anne Frank, and her parents were Edith Frank Hollandar and Otto Frank. She had one sister, Margo t, who was three years older than she was. Anne led a happy and normal childhood, and on her 13th birthday she received a diary from her parents. It became special to her as years went byRead MoreAnne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl Essays1608 Words   |  7 Pages As an ordinary Jewish girl who was one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust, Anne Frank was an incredibly memorable girl due to the publication of her diary. Anne Frank was a liberal Jew; as for she did not follow all the traditions of Judaism. On the fourteenth of August 1944, a group of German uniformed police arrested the Frank family and was sent into The House of Detention, transitioned into the Westerbork Transit Camp and then to the Auschwitz concentration camp. In JulyRead MoreDifferent Out Of Twelve Million1715 Words   |  7 Pagesheavens, I think that it will all come right, that this cruelty too will end, and the peace and tranquility will return again† (Frank 276-277). What kind of girl would be able to say such a beautiful statement with the possibility of death looming? Anne Frank could view the world in a way that is becoming near impossible- positively. She was a teenage Jewish girl who lived in Amsterdam, Holland during World War II. She and her family went into hiding in 1942 and were soon joined by the Van PelsesRead MoreInside the life of Anne Frank â€Å"Theres only one rule you need to remember: laugh at everything and1300 Words   |  6 PagesInside the life of Anne Frank â€Å"Theres only one rule you need to remember: laugh at everything and forget everybody else! It sound egotistical, but its actually the only cure for those suffering from self-pity.†Ã‚  (Frank 321) Anne Frank was a young Jewish girl who went into hiding during World War II to avoid being captured by the Nazis. She and seven other people had to hide in a secret annex Prinsengracht 263 in Amsterdam. Anne received a diary on her 13th birthday and wrote about all the littleRead MoreAnne Frank Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesOn June 12, 1929, at 7:30 A.M. a baby girl was born in Frankfurt, Germany. No one realized that this infant, who was Jewish, was destined to become one of the worlds most famous victims of World War II. Her name was Anne Frank, and her parents were Edith Frank Hollandar and Otto Frank. She had one sister, Margot, who was three years older than she was. Anne led a happy and normal childhood, and on her 13th birthday she received a diary from her parents. It became special to her as years went

New Baby Free Essays

New Baby The day my niece, Hailey, was born was probably the most exciting day of my life. Being nine years old, the youngest of four, and knowing my mom wasn’t going to have any more kids I felt as if I was gaining a sister instead of a niece. I had been continuously asking my mom for a baby sister and the answer I received was always a no. We will write a custom essay sample on New Baby or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a Sunday afternoon when my sister decided to sit the whole family down and make her big announcement. We could all tell she was nervous to say whatever it was she was going to say. The look on her face and the way she was twiddling with fingers let us know that whatever she had to say was going to be a huge deal. It took her a few minutes to finally muster up the courage to get out what she had to say, but when she revealed to our family that she was expecting, I, unlike my parents, was ecstatic! Everyone else just looked at her in disbelief, while I on the other hand looked at her with a giant smile on my face. Immediately, the first words that came out of my mouth was, â€Å"Is it a boy or girl?! † hoping she said a girl of course. She looked at me confused, as if she was expecting me to be upset that there was going to be a baby coming into our house to steal my â€Å"baby of the family† shine. That didn’t matter to me though; I just wanted someone to play with and to teach things to. I mean, I had older siblings to play with but the chances of playing dolls or kitchen with my older brothers was usually slim to none. As for my sister, well she’s ten years older than me, so there wasn’t much hope there either. I was already imagining all the stuff we could do. We would play dolls and house together, we’d play in the tree house in the backyard, we’d make forts out of blankets in the living room, there was just so many things that I wanted to play but would end up doing alone. There wasn’t much anyone else said, beside the forced-like â€Å"Congratulations. † My parents didn’t say much at all, they weren’t thrilled at the idea of my sister having a child at eighteen but they also didn’t yell at her because they knew it wasn’t going to change anything. Later that night my mom asked me, â€Å"So what do you think about what your sister told us earlier? â€Å"I’m so excited! † I replied, â€Å"I can’t wait to have someone to play with and do stuff with! † â€Å"You know you’re not going to get as much attention as you get now, right? † She told me. â€Å"We’re not going to be able to buy you very many toys anymore, your sister is going to need all the help she can get. † I have to admit hearing I wasn’t going to get any new toys was somewhat upsetting, but I got over it. All I wanted now was for my niece to arrive! As my sister grew bigger and bigger so did my excitement to finally see my baby niece. Nine months flew right by, and on February 15, 2002 my beautiful niece was born. Unfortunately I wasn’t allowed to go to the hospital when she was born, not only because I was too young but also because it was late at night, but I couldn’t sleep regardless. I was so anxious for my sister to come home with the baby; there was just no way I was going to sleep. I waited in the living room, hoping that someone would walk in through the front door. Finally, I see my parents come in and I run right past them wanting to make sure my sister was walking in with the baby behind them. To my disappointment she wasn’t. I turned around to ask my parents where she was but before I could say anything my mom smiled and said to me, â€Å"You’re sister is still at the hospital with the baby. She named her Hailey Hannah. † â€Å"Hailey Hannah. † I repeated, â€Å"I love it! † After that, my parents sent me off to bed but I still couldn’t sleep. I kept repeating Hailey’s name in my head, I even imagined myself telling everyone at school! â€Å"Hi Coach, I have a niece now. Her name is Hailey Hannah! Hey Summer I’m an aunt now, and my niece’s name is Hailey Hannah! Good Morning Mrs. Adams, my sister had a baby and her name is Hailey Hannah! † I loved it! I wanted to let everyone know that I had just become an aunt! I vowed to myself that I would be the best aunt I could be. I would play with her, help her with whatever she needed, look after her, protect her, and anything else I need to do to make her safe and happy. The next day the whole family woke up bright and early to go visit my sister and Hailey at the Hospital. I couldn’t wait! The anticipation was building as we walked into the hospital and walked towards the room where they were also waiting to see us all. As soon as I walked in the door, I saw my sister lying in bed holding my newborn niece. My heart was telling me to run towards them, jump on the bed, and lay there with them both. My mind told me different. After all I didn’t want to be the first in the family to make her cry! So I kept calm, and walked over to them with the biggest smile that has ever been on my face. As I touched her soft little head she opened her eyes, looked up at me, and slightly smiled. It made me laugh because it made me think that she was just as happy to see me as I was I to see her. Now my Hailey is about to turn ten, and she is definitely my best friend and it really feels as if she’ is my little sister. She has grown so much and so fast that it’s hard to believe how much time has passed. I was there when she took her first bath, took her first steps, got her first haircut, and lost her first tooth. I’ve watched her dance at her dance recitals; I’ve cheered her on at her soccer games, and supported her when she sang with the choir at her elementary school. I’ve learned so much about myself from being with Hailey that I think she’s the reason why I love being around children so much and that I’ve chosen to major in Education in College. It’s safe to say that becoming an aunt is definitely the greatest event of my life. How to cite New Baby, Essay examples

Managing Innovation and Technology Transfer †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Managing Innovation and Technology Transfer. Answer: Introduction Innovation process often involves different types of stakeholders, such as scientists, governments, marketing specialists, and consumers. The involved parties are usually diverse in groups and it helps in acquiring the innovative ideas for the further business development. According to Ritala and Sainio (2014), innovation is the method of generating ideas to ensure commercialization. Organisations use the diverse types of JOSCO is innovations including product, service, or process. The variations in the selling process or business activities are essential to establish the customer base and strengthen the organisational position (Andersson et al. 2016). The study will discuss the ICP technology innovation in Jordan Oil Shale Company. The company has been following the steady growth in the oil industry by adopting the frequent innovation process (Davenport 2013). It has been observed that JOSCO has been undertaking short and long time projects to enhance the profitability parameter. On e of those long term projects depends on the consecutive project periods that lead to the future commercial projects. JOSCO is committed to relinquish the government areas along with the data of oil shale that was gathered after exploring the operational activities. Therefore, the company is much concerned about increasing knowledge in terms of the governmental perception of using the resources. The company is looking forward to establish the sustainable position in order to face the challenges and build the responsible energy process in future. JOSCO has been striving for years to capture the position of the forefront of technological advancements within this sector. The major focus is to increase the benefits in the economic structure of the country. JOSCO has the full access to the wealth of innovational thinking and knowledge with the help of Global Research and Development Center. The operations team of the company has the perception that the technological advancements would be much helpful in transforming Jordan into the exporter of the knowledge to engage more countries for the future prospec ts (Josco.jo 2017). The research conducted on the ICP technology, expert resource evaluation, and the field operation models are the major commitments in the commercial field. It is reported that if Jordan lacks the conventional oil and gas resources for sustaining the economic developmental aspects, it would capture the fourth largest position in the oil shale reserves. The actual estimation highlights that the Jordan has reserved almost 90 to 100 billion of barrels of the unconventional oil. On the other hand, the total energy consumption depends on the importing services of the diesel and heavy fuels. The International Monetary Fund has informed that these import services are scaled up to $4.6 billion in the year of 2011. This ratio has been representing almost 25% of the entire GNP of Jordan (Josco.jo 2017). The numbers even started growing without making any significant changes in this field. However, this growth has imposed challenges in the economic structure of the company due to the high investment rates. Considering such challenges, JOSCO started planning to explore and develop the programs on the consecutive periods to run the commercial operati ons till the year of 2020 (Ceri-mines.org 2017). The main focus of the company was to assess the reservation of the Jordan Oil Shale. The use of the ICP technologies is introducing the different process of producing oil from the oil shale. It is noted that oil shale include the grains from different colours due to the mixed Kerogen. Kerogen is the organic material that includes fossil and it turns into the raw and crude natural oil and gas after pressuring and providing heat. The use of the ICP technology thus has the significant value in the commercial field. On the contrary, the information obtained from the secondary resources and the annual reports of the company are quite helpful in gathering the academic knowledge. The ICP techniques enhance the technological knowledge in a significant way. Hence, it can be inferred that the use of the ICP is both academically and commercially favourable. Formative Proposal Business innovation is the integral part of the organisational sustainability in this competitive scenario. In fact, innovation through the technology transfer is essential for ensuring business success, sustainability, growth, and competitiveness. The Jordan Oil Shale Company (JOSCO) is the independent subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell Plc. The company is committed to undertake different business innovations and evaluate the business potentiality of the deep layers of Jordanian oil shale. The company strives to capture the position of forefront of the advanced technologies in the oil sectors. The company is focusing on managing innovation and technology transfer project by utilizing ICP technologies for transferring knowledge. JOSCO is focusing on using the novel technology termed as In-situ Conversion Process (ICP) that helps in producing oil through the heat in the oil shale (Josco.jo 2017). The major challenges are faced because the technology can use this method of producing oil w here the oil shale is thickest and richest. The limited usage of the operational activities will be troublesome in producing oil. On the other hand, it is even necessary to gain the adequate knowledge regarding the use of these technologies to extract oil from the oil shell. The insufficient knowledge may limit the technology transfer process. In order to achieve the learning outcomes, it is essential to collect the adequate information from the secondary sources. The annual report of the company and the useful resources related to the subject matter will be helpful for conducting the market research. The reflective commentary documents will be based on the understanding of the subject and the challenges associated with it. The presentation of the personal reflection will be helpful in overcoming these challenges. The concentration on the necessary implication will also be utilized to achieve the learning outcomes. Detailed Methodology and Analytical Approach The relevant methodological approaches are essential for conducting the market research and explaining the entire project method. It is necessary to adopt the right analytical approaches that are quite beneficial in understanding the underlying subject matter (Creswell 2013). The study is based on the detailed information about the innovation and technology transfer process in Jordan Oil Shale Company. The company is utilizing the ICP technology for producing oil in an innovative way. In order to explore the importance of such technology in commercial purposes, it is essential to gather the secondary resources for presenting the thematic analysis (Bryman and Bell 2015). The information gathered from the secondary sources is essential for understanding the detailed method of these technologies. Moreover, it provides the analysis of the innovation process that can be beneficial for achieving the sustainable approach of the company in the future prospects. The presentation of the theme based analysis depends on several methodological techniques. The research philosophy is categorized into three divisions, such as positivism, realism and interpretivism. The positivism and realism philosophy focus on the more analytical approaches gained through the observations (Gale et al. 2013). On the contrary, the interpretivism focuses on the new approaches by involving assumptions (Thanh and Thanh 2015). The study is widely focusing on the enriched knowledge about the technology transfer and the innovation process. Gathering the detailed knowledge about such advanced technologies will be analyzed in this study. Therefore, the use of interpretivism paradigm will be appropriate for the study. Research Approach is categorized into two major components, such as deductive and inductive approach. Deductive approach is generally based on testing the existing theory related to the subject matter. On the other hand, the Inductive approach formulates the new theory based on the collected data (Thanh and Thanh 2015). The technological innovation requires developing more knowledge depending on the extracted ideas from the collected data. Hence, in order to conduct the study, the use of the inductive approach will be justified. Research Design is another necessary form of methodology. Research Design is classified into three major divisions, such as exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive (Lutters 2014). The exploratory design is developed by gathering knowledge from the previous study and evaluating the information in the later investigation purposes. On the other hand, the explanatory design explains the underlying cause and effects related to the subject matter. Finally, the de scriptive design defines the characteristics of the population among which the study is conducted. The descriptive design is much helpful in understanding the in-depth knowledge about the subject matter and the detailed analysis of the key information (Cheong, Hallihan. and Shu 2014). Hence, it can be stated that the use of the descriptive design is quite appropriate to conduct the study. The theme based analysis will be presented in this study by measuring the variable and establishing the relations between the major variable. It is necessary to understand the major characteristics and the underlying concept of the study. The technological innovation itself contains the greater understanding of the knowledge. The collected information from the secondary sources will be divided into several themes for the analytical purposes (Gale et al. 2013). It is necessary to understand each of the themes that explain the necessary variable. Establishing the linking between these variables, it will be easier to understand the preferable recommendation for the proper utilization of this technological tool (Cheong, Hallihan. and Shu 2014). Hence, the thematic analysis of the theme-based methods will be beneficial to understand the use of this innovative technology. Reflective Documenting of the Challenges identified in the Project We are quite aware of the current development in the business industries. The drastic changes in the business environment are ensuring the different innovative processes with the advanced technologies. However, the project is about developing the ICP technology for Jordan Oil Shale Company. During the development of this project, I have faced some of the significant challenges in managing such advanced technologies. In this section of the study, I shall document the major challenges that I have faced during the project. The significant challenges faced during the project. The identified challenges are documented below: Lack of Clarification regarding the technology During the technological development, it is essential for all of us to derive the proper knowledge about the technology specification (Reinik et al. 2015). The advancements of the technological equipments and process are often leading us to much confusion. The development of the technology requires the full documentation about the requirements of the business innovations. The associated members need to get the proper skills in the technological development. The adequate knowledge regarding the technological development is necessary for every one of the team members. Moreover, while developing the technologies, I needed to understand the functionalities and the proper timeline to develop these technologies. In the oil shale company, we need to maintain the proper safety parameter to produce oil (Yo?ru?k, Trikkel and Kuusik 2016). It is essential for all of us to maintain the safety parameter for oil production. I needed the proper specification of the technologies and the method of ut ilizing these to develop the business innovation process. On the other hand, I have found out that the team members were unaware of the proper location where the technologies will be developed. In addition to this, the costs of developing such innovative tools were also uninformed (Azzam, Al-Ghazawi and Al-Otoom 2016). Hence, it was quite tough for the team members to understand the total budget of the technological development. The lack of clarification and transparency is quite hazardous for the project development process. Lack of Proper Knowledge The lack of proper knowledge and skills is another most challenging situation for me during this project. In the technical field, we need to gather the adequate ideas about the technological implementation process (Al-Gharabli, Azzam and Al-Addous 2015). While conducting this project, I have gathered the sufficient knowledge about the ICP technologies. The demonstration of how these technologies are used will be beneficial for them to utilize these in a proper way. It will be much fruitful for the project activities. Moreover, the team mates can even develop their technological skills through such training and development process (Alnawafleh, Al-Harahsheh and Al-Harahsheh 2016). However, while working with other team members, it was essential for me to help the other team mates in understanding the utilization of the proper technological process. During the project, I have noticed that some of the team mates have been facing the trouble in understanding this latest technology of prod ucing oil. In most of the cases, it has been noted that the frequent changes in the business process create the significant challenges for everyone. Especially, the technological advancements consider the huge knowledge about the technological assimilation (Puura et al. 2016). There are some of the challenges faced by the team members during the technological transfers. These challenges are listed below: The issues with the scalability Lack of proper reliability Lack of proper efficiency in resource recovery or energy use Inadequate water use Lack of proper protection of the groundwater Carbon emissions It is notable that the development of the ICP technologies in the oil shale company includes many of the stages through which the oil is produced (Al-Makhadmeh et al. 2013). However, improper knowledge regarding the technological innovation can lead towards the negative consequences. Therefore, it is essential for us to make the proper implications for resolving these specific challenges. Emergence of these challenges during the project can be sometimes dangerous for the associated team members as well. Challenges with the Security Another major and significant challenge faced during this project was the health safety and security of the team members. The ICP technologies are generally used to bring more innovations to produce oil in a large number (Sandberg, Thomas and Hale 2014). These equipments are needed to be handled cautiously. We have faced some of the significant challenges due to the improper security while the technologies were transferred. The lack of proper security affected the health of many of the team mates due to which the project was delayed for sometimes (Hao et al. 2014). The insecure and unhygienic environment affects the business much prominently. Some of the teammates were even injured due to the improper use of technologies. Therefore, it was essential for us to keep the concentration on these specific challenges. The above challenges are proved to be harmful for the associated team mates as well as the business project. It has been noted that the delays in the project create the negative impact on the clients mind (Pan et al. 2017). Moreover, it specifically affects the professional career of all of us. Being a project manager, it is my responsibility to propose some of the beneficial implications that will be helpful enough in conducting the project without hazards. On the other hand, it is also my responsibility to ensure the safety and security parameter of the team mates who are associated with such technology development process (Mangmeechai et al. 2014). The probable solutions for overcoming these challenges are explained further. Commercially Viable Solution to overcome these challenges It is essential to understand the severity of the problems to find out the solution. The identified problems in this technology innovation project are quite severe that have the chance to delay the projects (Meijssen, Emmen and Fowler 2014). Moreover, the improper utilization of the technologies can even lead towards the health hazards or accidents of the associated team members. Considering the identified problems, the following solutions are provided to mitigate or overcome these challenges. Establishments of the Communication Transparency It has been observed that sometimes, the lack of project specifications create much confusion among the associated people. The development of the technology requires the full documentation about the requirements of the business innovations. The associated members need to get the proper skills in the technological development. The adequate knowledge regarding the technological development is necessary for every one of the team members. Being a project manager, I need to ensure that all the important and necessary information will be documented in a project description file. The proper communication transparency would be helpful in making the people aware of the project necessity and the requirements of developing the technologies. The documented files will be sent to every team members through email or group discussion meeting. It is necessary to ensure that every team member has the documented file with them during the project period. It is necessary to develop the clear ideas about the project specification. In such cases, we can consult the expert who is knowledgeable about such technological innovation. In addition to this, the establishment of the proper communication transparency with the associated team mates will be much helpful for me to understand their concerns about the project. Accordingly, we can develop those areas to achieve the determined purposes. Structuring the Budget for the project It is my responsibility to gather the idea about the resources that will be invested for the equipments to technology innovation process. The structured budget of the necessary capital resources will be helpful in understanding the investment purposes. Accordingly, the investors and the organisation will help in investing more capitals on the required equipments for the project purposes. Along with such budget specifications, it is even necessary to provide the structured timeline to schedule the project activities. It will be easier to manage the time for the completion of the project. Training and Development Session Many challenges emerged due to the lack of knowledge in using these technologies. Being a project manager, it is my one of the primary responsibility to make the team mates knowledgeable about the use of technicalities. I can take the experts permission to gather knowledge about proper use of the ICP technologies and the expert can be involved to provide the training sessions to the associated team mates. The demonstration of how these technologies are used will be beneficial for them to utilize these in a proper way. while working with other team members, it was essential for me to help the other team mates in understanding the utilization of the proper technological process. It was also noticed that some of the team mates have been facing the trouble in understanding this latest technology of producing oil. In most of the cases, it has been noted that the frequent changes in the business process create the significant challenges for everyone. Especially, the technological advanceme nts consider the huge knowledge about the technological assimilation. It will be much fruitful for the project activities. Moreover, the team mates can even develop their technological skills through such training and development process. Promoting the OHS regulations Promoting the OHS regulations will be helpful enough in mitigating the issues with the accidental risks. The lack of proper security affected the health of many of the team mates due to which the project was delayed for sometimes. The insecure and unhygienic environment affects the business much prominently. The guidance provided in the OHS regulations is much significant in making the associated members aware of the safer approaches and proper cautions that are needed to be undertaken during the technological innovations. It reduces the health and accidental risks throughout the project activities. It is even one of the most significant processes of reducing the chances of oil spill or oil explosion. Conclusion The Jordan Oil Shale Company (JOSCO) is the independent subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell Plc. The company is committed to undertake different business innovations and evaluate the business potentiality of the deep layers of Jordanian oil shale. The company strives to capture the position of forefront of the advanced technologies in the oil sectors. The company is focusing on managing innovation and technology transfer project by utilizing ICP technologies for transferring knowledge. The use of the secondary research method is helpful enough in establishing the theme based analysis that is dividing the themes as per the variables of the study. The challenges emerged due to the lack of knowledge, lack of security,, and lack of information. In such cases, the maintenance of the proper documentation of the project specification, evaluation of the training and development process, and engagement of the OHS regulating rules will be helpful. References Al-Gharabli, S.I., Azzam, M.O. and Al-Addous, M., 2015. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of shale oil from Jordanian oil shale.Oil shale,32(3), p.240. Al-Makhadmeh, L., Maier, J., Al-Harahsheh, M. and Scheffknecht, G., 2013. Oxy-fuel technology: An experimental investigations into oil shale combustion under oxy-fuel conditions.Fuel,103, pp.421-429. Alnawafleh, H.M., Al-Harahsheh, M.S. and Al-Harahsheh, A.M., 2016. Leachability of Oil Shale Ash from Isfir Al-Mahata Oil Shale, Southern Jordan.Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering,4(05), p.292. Andersson, U., Das, ., Mudambi, R. and Pedersen, T., 2016. Technology, innovation and knowledge: The importance of ideas and international connectivity.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.153-162. Azzam, M.O., Al-Ghazawi, Z. and Al-Otoom, A., 2016. Incorporation of Jordanian oil shale in hot mix asphalt.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, pp.2259-2277. Boons, F. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.9-19. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Ceri-mines.org, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.ceri-mines.org/documents/27symposium/presentations/av17-2crawford.pdf [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Cheong, H., Hallihan, G. and Shu, L.H., 2014. Understanding analogical reasoning in biomimetic design: An inductive approach. InDesign computing and cognition'12(pp. 21-39). Springer Netherlands. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S. and Redwood, S., 2013. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research.BMC medical research methodology,13(1), p.117. Hao, Y., Xiaoqiao, G., Fansheng, X., Jialiang, Z. and Yanju, L., 2014. Temperature distribution simulation and optimization design of electric heater for in-situ oil shale heating.Oil Shale,31(2), p.105. Josco.jo, 2017.About JOSCO | Jordan Oil Shale Company. [online] Josco.jo. Available at: https://www.josco.jo/about-josco [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Josco.jo, 2017.Meeting the demands of the global energy challenge | Jordan Oil Shale Company. [online] Josco.jo. Available at: https://www.josco.jo/ [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Lutters, E., 2014. Design Methodology. InCIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering(pp. 386-388). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Mangmeechai, A., Jaramillo, P., Griffin, W.M. and Matthews, H.S., 2014. Life cycle consumptive water use for oil shale development and implications for water supply in the Colorado River Basin.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,19(3), pp.677-687. Meijssen, T.E., Emmen, J. and Fowler, T.D., 2014, November. In-situ Oil Shale Development in Jordan through ICP Technology. InAbu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Pan, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, Y. and Yang, S., 2017. The Experimental Research of the Effect of Heating Temperature and Heating Time for Oil Shale Crack.J. Chem. Soc. Pak,39(02), p.177. Puura, V., Soesoo, A., Voolma, M., Hade, S. and Aosaar, H., 2016. Chemical composition of the mineral matter of the Attarat Um Ghudran oil shale, Central Jordan.Oil Shale,33(1), p.18. Reinik, J., Irha, N., Steinnes, E., Piirisalu, E., Aruoja, V., Schultz, E. and Leppnen, M., 2015. Characterization of water extracts of oil shale retorting residues form gaseous and solid heat carrier processes.Fuel Processing Technology,131, pp.443-451. Ritala, P. and Sainio, L.M., 2014. Coopetition for radical innovation: technology, market and business-model perspectives.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,26(2), pp.155-169. Sandberg, C., Thomas, K. and Hale, A., 2014, June. Advances in electrical heating technology for heavy oil production. InSPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Thanh, N.C. and Thanh, T.T., 2015. The interconnection between interpretivist paradigm and qualitative methods in Education.American Journal of Educational Science,1(2), pp.24-27. Yo?ru?k, C.R., Trikkel, A. and Kuusik, R., 2016. Prediction of Flue Gas Composition and Comparative Overall Process Evaluation for Air and Oxyfuel Combustion of Estonian Oil Shale, Using Aspen Plus Process Simulation.Energy Fuels,30(7), pp.5893-5900.

The Need For School-Age Care In America Essays - Criminology

The Need For School-Age Care In America The Need for School Age Care in America Since the fall of 1997 America has experienced a rapid increase in the number of school shootings. These crimes have been completely non-discriminate towards either social status or ethnicity. What these incidents do have in common is the fact that students between the ages of 10 to 16 committed them. When later interviewed, most of the students who instigated these crimes reported feeling like ?loners? or ?outcasts? within their student body and communities. It has been the direct effect of these violent acts that people across America are looking towards permanent solutions for these problems and the need for quality after-school programs has come into the national focus. Violent juvenile crime triples during the hours of 3pm and 8pm. (Fox and Newman 1997, cited by the National Institute on Out of School Time, Wellesley College- NOIST) Today experts estimate that there are over 5 million American students between the ages of 10 to 16 who return from school to an empty home. Economic necessity is the number one factor for this staggering figure followed by the lack of quality after-school programs available. Statistics show that these unsupervised students are at a greater risk to participate in drug experimentation, sex and truancy, while exhibiting lowered school performances. Children, families and communities can all benefit greatly from quality after-school programs. The majority of the time spent by unsupervised children and youth is either watching television or with peers in unsupervised activities. Quality after-school programs provide a safe, supervised environment for these young people and children. After-school programs also provide structured supervised activities, which improves the overall learning process. The students involved in quality after-school programs create more positive relationships with their peers and also with caring responsible adults with whom these students can foster lasting bonds. This in turn helps to harvest students with a higher level of self-esteem. Students that perform better in academics as well as develop stronger social skills. In his speech on the issue of childcare President Clinton said the following: ?Improving after-school care is integral to improving child care across our country? Through after-school programs we can bring parents the peace of mind that comes with knowing their children are safe. We can teach our children to say no to drugs and yes to reading, sports and computers.? (The White House at Work 1/26/99) The president also mentioned his plan to provide these services to parents who could not otherwise afford them as well as make these programs widely available to students of all ages. To follow up his ideas the President has committed a total of one billion dollars, to be allocated over the next 5 years to the enhancement of after-school programs. Although this is definitely a step in the right direction the next step is to get more people involved in the process of establishing the criteria for quality in after-school programs and then implementing these programs within their own communi ties. Advocates for gun control are crying out for stricter laws and the reform of the Second Amendment. This cause may hold true for a short-term solution regarding the immediate ?physical? danger to the students but it does not remotely begin to solve the greater problem of the emotional or social well being of these same children and youth. With more and more destructive behavior being exhibited by students today the ever-pressing need for after-school care is a matter that involves not only educators but also the nation as a whole. Establishing a safe place for children and youth to go after school will not only help to alleviate juvenile crime and deter youth violence, it will also give a greater majority of these ?high-risk? kids a chance for a brighter tomorrow. Social Issues

Equipment & Accessories Basic location essays

Equipment & Accessories Basic location essays Equipment The range of equipment and accessories used for each photographic shoot will depend on various factors such as location, lighting, time limitations and quality of desired image. Also the type of shoots being undertaken. Such as Press, Wedding, Studio (Still life For example the 35mm SLR is a small camera, which has the bonus of being able to change both the lenses and film with ease and speed. It is easy to handle and has the option of additional features such as a motor winder and a camera flashgun. These might be used in press and sports photography when the action may happen quickly and only a small window may be available for images to be recorded and a larger medium format camera would not be suitable. (Zoom lenses would be used if action were at various distances). A range finder camera would be suitable if the shoot was one of reportage/ candid work. Or a standard 35mm camera with a wide-angle lens may do the job if action was shot indirectly. The 35mm negative would produce images of enough quality for newspaper print. When shooting in a press and sport style environment a fast film speed should be chosen. This is because a faster film works faster in poor light conditions where a slow film will need better light conditions to work at the same speed. The slower the film speed the finer the grain quality (this should be taken into consideration). Also instead of a tripod, a monopod might be used as floor space maybe in great demand. The Medium format camera offers a massive increase in quality of the image. When using this type of camera more time has to be allocated to each shot and should increase the photographers control. This increase in quality, and also its portable format, makes the camera ideal for weddings and portrait ...

Lord of the Flies Summary

'Lord of the Flies' Summary William Golding’s 1954 novel Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young boys who find themselves alone on a deserted island. They develop rules and a system of organization, but without any adults to serve as a civilizing impulse, the children eventually become violent and brutal. In the context of the novel, the tale of the boys descent into chaos suggests that human nature is fundamentally savage. Chapters 1-3 The novel opens with a young boy named Ralph and a chubby, glasses-wearing boy as they walk onto a lagoon wearing their school uniforms. We soon learn that they are part of a group of boys who were evacuated during the war and who survived the plane crash that followed what they suspect was an enemy attack. As Ralph and the other boy that there are no adults around, they decide they must attract the attention of any other surviving children. Ralph locates a conch shell and begins to blow into it, summoning the other boys with the noise. The chubby boy reveals that the other children used to call him Piggy. Ralph believes rescue is imminent, but Piggy argues that they must get organized because they may be stranded for some time. The other boys choose Ralph to be their leader, although the choice is not unanimous; the choir boys, led by Jack Merridew, do not vote for Ralph. Ralph gives them permission to form a hunting group. Ralph quickly establishes a rough form of government and order, exhorting the boys to enjoy their freedom, work together for their mutual survival, and maintain a smoke signal on the beach to attract any potential rescuers. The boys in turn agree that anyone holding the conch gets to speak without interruption. Ralph, Jack, and a boy named Simon are the popular leaders and begin a tense partnership. They explore the island and confirm it is deserted, but locate fruit trees and a herd of wild pigs that Jack decides he and his friends will hunt. The boys use Piggy’s glasses to spark a fire, but Piggy quickly finds himself an outcast despite his friendship with Ralph. Simon begins overseeing the construction of shelters, concerned for the younger boys- referred to as ‛littluns.’ Chapters 4-7 The initial burst of organization doesn’t last long, however. Without adults, most of the boys refuse to do any sort of work and instead spend their time playing and sleeping. At night, rumors of a terrible monster in the trees sparks a panic. Ralph insists monsters do not exist, but Jack says otherwise. He claims that his hunters will find and kill the monster, which boosts his popularity. Jack gathers a group of boys for a hunting expedition, which takes them away from the job of maintaining the signal fire. The fire goes out. Shortly after, a boat moves past the island, but does not spot the boys thanks to the lack of fire. When Jack and the other hunters return in triumph with a pig, Ralph confronts Jack, complaining that they missed their chance at rescue. Jack, angry at his moment being ruined, knows he cannot fight Ralph, and so beats up Piggy, breaking his glasses. As the boys cook and eat the pig ravenously- ignoring warnings about eating undercooked pork- Ralph tells Piggy he wants to stop being the leader, but Piggy convinces him to stay on. Piggy is terrified at what might happen if Jack took over completely. One evening, there is a dogfight between planes near the island, and a fighter pilot ejects. Killed in the air, his body floats down to the island and becomes entangled in the trees. A boy sees his corpse and parachute and is terrified, convinced that he has seen the monster. Jack, Ralph, and a boy named Roger head off to hunt the monster, and all three boys see the corpse and run in terror. Chapters 8-12 Now convinced that the monster is real, Ralph calls a meeting. Jack attempts a coup, but the boys refuse to vote Ralph down, and Jack leaves in a anger, saying he will start his own tribe. Roger sneaks away to join him. More and more boys begin to sneak away to join Jack’s tribe, lured by the roast pigs that Jack and his hunters are able to provide. Jack and his followers begin to paint their faces, and behave in an increasingly savage and primitive manner while Ralph, Piggy, and Simon try to maintain a semblance of order at the shelters. Simon, who sometimes suffers mental attacks, goes off into the woods frequently to be alone. Hiding, he observes Jack and his tribe perform a ritual designed to satisfy the monster- they impale a pig’s head on a sharpened stick and leave it as a sacrifice. It quickly becomes swarmed with flies, and Simon hallucinates a dialog with it, referring to it as the Lord of the Flies. The Pig’s Head tells Simon he is foolish to imagine the monster is a flesh-and-blood thing; it is the boys themselves who are the monster. The Lord of the Flies then tells Simon that the other boys will kill him, because he is the soul of man. As Simon walks away, he comes across the dead pilot and realizes that he has found proof that the monster does not exist. He runs back to the other boys, who have begun to dance in a crazed ritual. When Simon begins crashing through the trees, the boys believe he is the monster, and all the boys- including Ralph and Piggy- attack him in terror, killing him. Meanwhile, Jack has realized that while the conch is a symbol of power, the true power lies in Piggy’s glasses, which is the groups only means of starting a fire. Jack has the support of most of the boys, so he conducts a raid on Ralph and his remaining allies in order to steal Piggys glasses. Ralph goes to their home on the other side of the island, a rock formation known as Castle Rock. He takes the conch and is accompanied by Piggy and just two other boys, twins named Sam and Eric. He demands that Jack return the glasses. Jack’s tribe ties up Sam and Eric, and Ralph and Jack engage in a fight. Piggy, alarmed, takes the conch and attempts to address the boys, pleading for order. Roger sneaks up above Piggy and drops a heavy rock on him, killing the boy and destroying the conch. Ralph flees, leaving Sam and Eric behind. Jack hurts the twins until they agree to join his tribe. Jack orders the hunters to go after Ralph, who is told by Sam and Eric that they intend to kill him and impale his head on a stick. Ralph flees into the woods, but Jack sets fire to the trees to drive him out. As the flames begin to consume the whole island, Ralph desperately runs. Hitting the beach, Ralph trips and falls, only to find himself at the feet of a British naval officer. A ship spotted the flames and came to investigate. All of the children, including Ralph and Jack, suddenly begin to cry, collapsing in exhausted grief. The officer is stunned and expresses disappointment that good British boys would fall into such a state of misbehavior and savagery. Then he turns and studies his own warship contemplatively.

Psychological Experience of Colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychological Experience of Colonialism - Essay Example On the other hand, those who resist the new order are often isolated into lonely lives from the rest in desolate lives. Colonialism had serious psychological effects not only on the colonized, but also on colonizers who did not share the same ideologies with their fellow Europeans. In Burmese Days, Orwell presents an important aspect in Flory’s predicament as an inner struggle between joining the exploitative fellow Europeans and siding with natives. Flory’s inner conflict results from his guilt of being a ‘colonizer’ enjoying many privileges at the expense of the exploitation and victimization of the natives. This eventually leads to torturous inner conflict after which Flory commits suicide. This suggests when an individual is overwhelmed by their inner conflict and is helpless in solving them, they lose their essence and the only resolution to such a predicament is death. Flory is much awake to the economic motives of colonialism and is strongly opposed to it, denying it in his mental level, but unfortunately the conflict is just trapped in his mind and; he sometimes acts like the same colonizers. Importantly, fighting and rejecting the status quo seldom leads to redemption, but leads him to be more caged, as Flory is observed lonely with only a few friends. This is the painful but conscious choice taken by an individual due to their awareness of the exploitative nature of colonialism Ironically, Flory lastly portrays his exploitative nature through sexual abuse of Burmese women as he dumps and sacks his mistress, Ma Hla May, for interfering in his relationship with Elizabeth, and for being a financial burden to him, after exploiting her for sexual favors. Flory’s give and take relationship with his Ma Hla May signifies how colonizers treat the colonized, characteristic of how the whites exploited Burma for economic benefit but left after becoming a financial burden after the Second World War Similar to how Burma is of no im portance in the colonizer’s eyes, Ma Hla May is devoid of value and identity in Flory’s eyes as she is discarded easily like an object. Therefore, Flory does not fit well in the colonizer’s framework as brought out by Memmi as he neither fully condemns nor supports the exploitative nature of the colonizers. The painful inner conflicts are not a preserve of the colonizers as the colonized similarly face such strong internal struggles, leading to negative perception of self. In Not out of Hate, Way Way best exemplifies serious inner struggles resulting from exploitation by the colonizer. Way Way is submissive and passive, conforming to the expected colonizer- colonized system where the colonizer has the right to make all decisions, though she suffers serious inner conflicts as her desires are not in tandem with the system. Way Way finds U Saw Han to be over controlling, which leads her to feel depersonalized, in which her life has to revolve around performing role s and responsibilities around and according to him. Way Way increasingly feels caged as she lives her life different from her desires and will. This crushes her so much that he loses touch with herself and in fact she is so depersonalized such that her identity is not different from U Saw Han. Way is not just passive in the whole predicament, but struggles greatly with her internal conflict. She even had sought solace at the monastery after her

Who is right, Globalization sceptics or Globalization radicals Essay

Who is right, Globalization sceptics or Globalization radicals - Essay Example Globalization is most commonly defined as the emergence of a country’s political and socioeconomic culture to the point of becoming significant for people in other parts of the world. In this analysis of the global media’s role in cultural globalization, focus will be on the role of the global media since the beginning of the wired electronic stage up until the present day. with the proliferation of digital technologies that allow for instantaneous two-communication on a global scale. Although it is argued that cultures have interacted and therefore cultural globalization has taken place since the beginning of human history, it is the technology of instant communication that truly forged a new frontier for cultural interaction and cultural globalization. The role the global media has had on cultural globalization has steadily increased and in recent years we have seen a paradigm shift in the way global media is managed. This new shift has changed the tradition top-down role of the media, dominated by governments and corporations and placed more power back into the hands of individual citizens allowing for a bottom-up approach to media. This ‘new media’ is given life by the easily-accessible, ubiquitous world of the Internet. As Andrew L. Shapiro (1999) argues that the "emergence of new, digital technologies signals a potentially radical shift of who is in control of information, experience and resources", the natural effect as Internet becomes more user-friendly and more available globally will be apparent in all factions of life. To fully understand the role that global media has had on culture we must first understand how media and communication has evolved. In her book The Media and Globalization, Tehri Rantanen explains the evolution media and communication through her identification of six stages of media and communication throughout human history. According to her, the stages of development are as follows: Oral Communication, Sc ript, Printed, Wired Electronic, Wireless Electronic, and Digital Communications. Globalization truly began with the use of newspapers and pamphlets. Beginning with newspapers and pamphlets drawn up by the printing press and typewriter innovations, the media sent word of new events, new ideas and calls for aid to constituents throughout their respective countries. The next technological innovation was the telegraph, which gave people across large stretches of land the ability to communicate instantly. This brought about a complete transformation in terms of global communication. For the first time communication across distances takes place at an immediate level. Next came the invention of the telephone, which broadened the range of media influence even further than the telegraph. Finally, in the twentieth century, the technology revolution that swept the nation brought phones, cell phones, and internet into the homes of average citizens. The ease of access to the latest means of com munication helped to bring more people into the know. With convenience as simple as the click of a button, millions of people had access to the information super-highway known as the Internet. This was the greatest shift of power to the common people and provided the greatest source of bottom-top influence in media coverage. It was Rantanen’s six stages of progress in the area of media and communications that resulted in expansion of ideas and Theories on cultural globalization can be divided into one of three ideologies on the subject. The first ideology subscribes to the view that the world has historically been dominated by many cultures and as history has progressed we have seen the world being dominated by fewer and fewer cultures. This view on cultural globa

Lonrho Plc Essay Example for Free

Lonrho Plc Essay An evaluation of Lonrho’s corporate strategy should start from the two main key issues: in what businesses the firm should compete and how corporate headquarter should manage those businesses. Lonrho’s profile in 1996 included Agriculture, Sugar, General Trade, Hotels, Manufacturing, MiningRefining and MotorEquipment. The level of diversification was clearly high and the firm was pursuing a unrelated strategy, with less than 70% of revenues that came from the dominant business (Mining ) and without common links between businesses. The corporation was divided into country groups or related business lines and each division had a top manager whose responsibilities were similar to those of a group CEO. So the headquarter control of these groups was not very formal and all important decisions were in the hands of Rowland, that used to follow his strategies without consulting the board. Tiny Rowland wasn’t a pure manager but an entrepreneur interested in doing deals, so he made no efforts to share activities or to transfer core competences between different areas. The main interest was to find undervalued assets and try to make them profitable. Hence we can easily analyse the operational relatedness, since the firm didn’t share either primary or support activities. Corporate relatedness needs a deeper analysis. All these businesses seem to be related by Rowland’s huge experience in conducting affairs and by his effective skill in building relationships with African leaders, pursuing the policy of â€Å"investment in people†. But no more corporate-level competences were transferred among Lonrho’s assets, maybe because businesses were too different and Tiny did not want to move key people into new management positions. So from these evaluations, the natural conclusion is that Lonrho’s corporate strategy is an unrelated diversification. In my opinion the corporate level strategy in itself was good (exhibit 1 and 2: high revenues until 1991), but the way in which Rowland managed it was totally wrong. The main strength in its extreme diversification, was the reduction of the risk among the firm’s businesses. However, this is not enough to make the evaluation positive because there were also several negative aspects. Starting with corporate governance, the first big problem was the lack of power by board’s members: Tiny surrounded himself with â€Å"yes-men† and he, not the board, decided what to do in case of critical issues. So the entire conglomerate was managed by a man who used to define himself as an entrepreneur and not a manager. Besides the level of control was low, if we consider that Lonrho was a big and really complex company. Moreover, and here we have the second big problem, among Tiny’s investments, several ones defected in economic rationality. For instance, he became interested in trophy investments, only to gain prestige (that the company couldn’t exploit properly because corporate relatedness was low) although they may have been loss making. Finally, the firm was facing huge cash flow problems, due to large headquarters’ payroll, an inefficient dividend policy and Rowland’s excessive lifestyle. All these issues contributed to destroy the level of revenues and profits over the years and conducted to the only practicable way: an internal restructuring of assets. What future direction(s) should Lonrho take in terms of its corporate-level strategy? The two main options that Lonrho has for come out to the crisis are move in the direction of focusing the business, or continue as a conglomerate. Most important, the company must immediately start a corporate restructuring strategy. The main purpose should be the limitation of losses, instead of the value and profitability creation. Lonrho could pursue this restructuring strategy both in related business lines and in country groups. For related business lines, hotel and general trade segments were cyclical, capital intensive and they were performing below average, so the firm should try to sell its remaining assets to other companies. Regarding country groups, exhibit 2 shows that in United Kingdom, Europe and America, Lonrho was not doing well, so the board should find a way to leave these areas. With this easier structure, now the firm has to take a definite position. i) A business focusing means that Lonrho will concentrate only on one of the three businesses left. Sugar represented 6% of Lonrho revenues and 18% of operating profit in 1996, and despite low production costs and an access to a favourable mix of markets, this seems the most suitable for being abandoned, just because is the smallest asset in the company’s portfolio. Lonrho Africa is diversified both geographically and in business lines. With an operating profit of ? 52 millions, is a valuable segment, but with Tiny no longer in the picture, Lonrho do not have a real Africa specialist. Finally the mining segment is the most important asset for the firm, because represented 22% of 1996 revenue and 41% of operating profit. In my opinion, if the company has to make a choice, this could be the right market to sustain. Some investments are required for Ashanti Goldfields in Ghana and to improve the export capacity of Duiker mining subsidiary in South Africa. However, if Lonrho will be focused only on this business I think that it will have the types and levels of resources and capabilities needed. Nevertheless I do not think that this corporate strategy is the best. This strategy is mainly concerned with making choices among the last two alternatives. So the corporation would be constrained to relinquish the enormous promise of African continent, or the 41% of mining profit if it chooses to focus in Lonrho Africa. ii) The firm can continue as a conglomerate but for the reason said above, also in this case Lonrho should leave the sugar market. Now we have two businesses left and I would like to make a comparison with the Boston Consulting Group chart. With this corporate strategy, the firm could use mining as a â€Å"cash cow† market, trying to exploit the high percentage of the revenues that comes from the asset. Than it can use this cash flow in Lonrho Africa, a proper â€Å"star† market, with its enormous promise but also with a lot of investments needed. So with its management expertise, technical skills and a respected name, mixed with new financial resources, Lonrho could undertake some projects in Africa that few other firms could. I think that these are the right actions that the firm should take in term of corporate strategy.

Botticelli Essay example -- Biography

He used his paintbrush like a pen or a pencil to outline. He was more interested in making his paintings beautiful in a fantasy type of way. He died a lonely man having done little or no more painting in the last ten years. Who was this famous artist? Botticelli. Thoughtful and clever, Botticelli painted many famous masterpieces. Botticelli’s real name was: Alessandro Filipepi. He was born in 1445 in Florence, Italy. This was the time of the Renaissance. Botticelli was the youngest of five children. He got his nickname when working with a goldsmith. The goldsmith named him Botticelli, meaning, â€Å"Little barrel†. Many other people of the Renaissance said he had a deep-set of eyes and flowing locks. But they also said he was a jokester and a prankster to his friends (â€Å"WebMuseum† par 2). By the time he was 15, he had his own workshop to show off his work. (â€Å"Historylink† par 2). In addition, when he was 15 years old he already was training with a very popular painter from the Renaissance. His name was Fra Filippo Lippi (Historylink). Fra Filippo Lippi taught him how to mix colors and how to paint pictures. In 1465 Botticelli made his own studio (â€Å"WebMuseum† par 3). In comparison Botticelli and Fra Filippo Lippi are very similar. They both painted a picture beginning with: The Adoration of the†¦ Botticelli’s picture: The Adoration of the Maji is a painting of the birth of Christ. Lippi’s picture: The Adoration of the Kings is a picture of the Kings. (â€Å"FactMonster† par 1). Botticelli spent most of his life in Florence. He painted many pictures of mythology. His most famous masterpiece was the Birth of Venus (â€Å"Artchive† par 2.). He was devoted to only paint pictures of mythological beings instead of religious subjects. That’s what he was... ...elli made a big difference in Florence, Italy. He worked for the famous Medici family. The Medici family was very important in the Renaissance. They controlled the Florence city and they were very wealthy. They valued him very much. Since Botticelli’s paintings were known for their poetic feeling, they either told a story or showed a famous scene from a mythological or religious subject. The masterpieces never had anything to do with science or nature. Not all of the characters were real they just had to stand for a purpose in the painting. Botticelli’s master Fra Filippo Lippi impacted his life by getting him to start to paint pictures. Without his assistance he would have never learned to paint any of the famous masterpieces in the Renaissance. He learned about mythological subjects and how to use decorative details. Lippi got him to be the gifted artist he was.

Rear Window Essay

Rear Window, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, was made in the year 1954. It has been said that Rear Window is the basis for D.J. Caruso’s movie Disturbia. Rear Window has three main characters, J.B. â€Å"Jeff† Jefferies played by James Stewart, Lisa Fremont played by grace Kelly, and Stella played by Thelma Ritter. Each of these three characters is critiqued by five different categories, including, appropriateness, inherent thoughtfulness or emotionality, expressive coherence, wholeness and unity, and effortlessness. The first category is appropriateness which is to determine if the characters performance is natural looking, if he or she looks and acts like the character they portray by their physical, facial expressions, speech, movement and gestures. James Stewart who played J.B. â€Å"Jeff† Jefferies looked completely natural in his performance; the way he looked and acted fit the character perfectly in every aspect from the physical features to the mentality of the character. Grace Kelly who played Lisa Fremont looked almost natural in her role, she sometimes seemed unnatural and fake in some ways, her physical features fit the part but her facial expressions and movement seemed too careful. Thelma Ritter who played Stella looked and acted completely natural in every way possible, especially in her speech and gestures she made throughout the film. The second category is inherent thoughtfulness or emotionality which is to determine is the actor or actress effectively conveys the thought process or feelings behind the character’s actions or reactions. James Stewart seemed to put every emotion into his character J.B. â€Å"Jeff† Jefferies and put a great amount of thought into every scene. Grace Kelly seemed to have used a great amount of emotion into her character Lisa Fremont but didn’t really seem to put much thought into her acting she just seemed to do whatever she felt like doing. Thelma Ritter seemed to even out everything perfectly into her character Stella, she made it look as if every emotion and action was real. The third category is expressive coherence which is used to determine if the character used appropriateness and inherent thoughtfulness/emotionality to create a characterization that meshes with setting, costuming, and behavior. James Stewart seemed to use the correct body language and combine setting and costumes and behavior almost precisely. Grace Kelly correctly meshed together setting, costuming, and behavior in every scene she was in, not once did she seem to present herself wrongly. Thelma Ritter did not seem to always combine setting, costuming, and behavior in the appropriate manner, she may have a couple times but it didn’t seem believable at some points. The fourth category is wholeness and unity which is used to determine if the character has maintained the illusion of a seamless character, even if that character is purposely consumed by contradictions, despite all of the changes of shooting a film. James Stewart’s illusion of Jeff was seamless in every way; he had to overcome obstacles with the cast he had to wear the entire film but made it work throughout the film. Grace Kelly’s illusion of Lisa was also seamless; she tended to be able to breeze on through the entire film without seeming perturbed. Thelma Ritter’s illusion of Stella was absolutely seamless, didn’t seem to mess up or let anything get in her way throughout the film what so ever. The fifth category is effortlessness which is used to determine if the characters acting seems effortless or natural. James Stewart’s acting in the entire film seemed completely effortless; it seemed to come natural to him in every way. Grace Kelly’s acting did not seem to be completely effortless but a great deal of it did, she didn’t have to try to be sweet and sexy it came natural, but to act worried seemed to be more of a struggle for her. Thelma Ritter’s acting half way seemed effortless; she seemed to struggle and have work at some of the points in each scene. In the film Rear Window you are constantly wondering what will happen next because of the suspense involved in the film. Alfred Hitchcock kept this entire film simple and made it to where there were not many different sets, it stayed in the same set in almost every scene. The categories of; appropriateness, inherent thoughtfulness or emotionality, expressive coherence, wholeness and unity, and effortlessness is what is used to evaluate every actors performance in every film to this day. James Stewart, Grace Kelly, and Thelma Ritter were all fantastic actors and each added something different to the film, each had their own unique style and acting technique, which added up to make the film as great as it was.

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics

First Energy and the Business Code of Ethics PHL/323 March 7, 2011 First Energy and the Business Code of Ethics First Energy prides itself on the ethical standards it has created. These standards are the basis that builds upon the trust between customers, shareholders, employees, and the surrounding communities. First Energy encompasses more than five states and supplies millions of customers. As a service company, First Energy expects its employees to adhere to a workplace free of harassment, unethical or unlawful business activities, and discrimination.Each employee must conduct him or herself accordingly with high ethical standards while conversing with customers, other employees, and First Energy suppliers. These standards contribute to First Energy’s mission statement. First Energy’s mission statement will strive to provide high-quality products, competitively priced, and exceptional services in four areas. These areas include; Energy sales and services, power supp ly, energy delivery, non-regulated, and regulated supplemental services related to the core business (First Energy Corp, 2007).The following paragraph will delve deeper into the ethical make-up of First Energy. First Energy seems to portray a utilitarianism type of ethical system. Utilitarianism strives to obtain the highest positive effects, which include morals and financial maximization, and minimize any negative outcomes (Reference for Business, 2011). This ethical system portrays itself best from the company’s website. First Energy’s vision is to become the best in their field and recognized as such. Striving for excellence in operations, safety commitment, and top rated customer service is essential.First Energy will focus on long-term growth, commitment to its employees, and maximum financial stability with focus on the highest morals (First Energy Corp, 2010). The key pulled from the previous statement attempts to substantiate the ethical system with maximum st ability portraying the highest morals. Utilitarianism explains that correct actions are actions that provide the highest balance of happiness over sadness. Every person’s happiness is of equal importance (Lasley & Pickett, 1992). The following paragraphs will provide more information into the utilitarianism system between management, employees, and the board of directors.Utilitarianism and First Energy’s employees strive to maximize the happiness of all employees. From firsthand experience the company accomplishes this by providing education assistance programs, discrimination guidelines to ensure all employees comply with and treat his or her coworkers with respect, and various outlets to ensure all employees questions and concerns are addressed. Along with the union First Energy also provides for excellent health coverage, paid holidays, maximum sick days, personal days, generous vacation day allotments, and grievance outlets to ensure employees concerns are brought to light.The next section relates this ethical system to management. Supervisors and management are held much more responsible for his or her actions than the employees. Although management is held to higher standards, he or she obtains substantial benefits from the company to achieve the utilitarianism maximum happiness. Management is also provided comparable benefits to the employees. Management obtains the same excellent health coverage, paid holidays, comparable sick days, and vacation time. Rule utilitarianism seems to portray itself prominently.Rule utilitarianism strays away from assessing acts of individuals and leans strongly toward the utility of a rule for action. What this means to management is this: if management enforces a rule for everyone to follow the opinion of tolerability should be at a maximum (Nuigal Way, 2005). Utilitarianism is not without its problems, and this issue will appear in a later paragraph. The last group explored is the board of directors. The pu rpose of the board of directors is providing the highest profitability for its shareholders while addressing any ethical concerns.It is not possible to predict and address every situation that may rear its head so it becomes a challenge to maximize happiness with ethical concerns. An excellent example of utilitarianism in this case is this: concerning child labor and business overseas, it would not maximize total happiness if every business overseas were to employ children to increase profits for the shareholders (Nuigal Way). Utilitarianism has its flaws and criticisms. This ethical system by itself, whereas formed in good intentions, is not efficient enough to run a business properly.The following paragraph attempts to suggest alternatives to First Energy’s current code of ethics. Opponents of utilitarianism explain that happiness and pain of certain tasks cannot be generalized to determine the maximum pleasure of all individuals. An individual cannot assume that one person will feel the same degree of pain or pleasure from the same act (Griffin, 2000). Management may need to stay away from general rules as they may not capture the desired effect of employee happiness when compared with workload and ethics.Rules are put into place to protect the employee, and to a lesser extent, to protect the company image. An example of this that enacted recently by First Energy was banning personal cell phones. This general rule states that personal phones are not allowed on company property at any time. Although this rule portrays good intentions, it fails to address other personal issues. Family emergencies occur from time to time. If an employee must wait for messages from his or her supervisor or manager, a catastrophic family event may occur that may not present itself to the employee in time.A differing point of view is suggested in the next section. The existing code of ethics is very solid. As Chief Executive Officer few problems rise to the forefront, and may not require change. One situation witnessed recently could warrant a change. During completing an associate program paid for by First Energy and working on a-hands-on task with a fellow student, the instructor became enraged and started screaming at and belittling the other student. The instructor already had two previous cases. The case made its way to human resources and eventually was swept under the rug.Although paid for by First Energy and involved in company tasks, students are not represented as employees. Certainly it seems anyone in this situation should have the same benefits as employees. Consequently it is unethical to ignore a recurring problem with an employee simply because he or she is an instructor for non-employees. The code of ethics is there to protect everyone as can be seen in the next section. The code of ethics presents itself very clearly and all employees and management adhere strictly to the outline.Employees treat each other with respect and adhere to ethical values. Wider acceptance is adopted when concerning human interaction and differing ethical values. This acceptance stems from years of education, governmental programs, and company policies. The constant influx of company provided classes and weekly meetings provide for this acceptance in a greater capacity. In conclusion and like any other system, the underlying purpose of this philosophical ethics code strives to provide for the greatest happiness with the least amount of displeasure.Many procedures and rules must be analyzed to provide for the maximum positive effect not only for the employees but also for the stakeholders. Taking important aspects of the utilitarianism code and striving to remove the negative aspects of this system will provide for a smooth running machine. The bottom line is this: despite its numerous inadequacies, utilitarianism does contain a solid moral foundation. No one can deny the intrinsic benevolence in promoting the greatest good for the gre atest number.Utilitarianism must also be applauded for existing as a self-contained philosophy and the key to making utilitarianism work lies in refining the way that proponents practice this system (Griffin). References First Energy Corp. (2007, July 5). Vision and Mission. Retrieved from http://www. firstenergycorp. com/career_center/why_firstenergy/vision_and_mission First Energy Corp. (2010, January 11). First Energy Code of Conduct Introduction. Retrieved from http://www. firstenergycorp. com/investor/files/Code%20of%20Conduct_Rev%2001_11_10. pdf Griffin, A. 2000, October 31). Utilitarianism. Retrieved from http://anton_eclipse. tripod. com/utilitarianism. htm Lasley, J. , & Pickett, I. (1992). INTRODUCTION TO TYPES OF ETHICAL SYSTEMS. Retrieved from http://www. woodrow. org/teachers/bi/1992/ethical_systems. html Nuigal Way. (2005, September 30). BUSINESS ETHICS :: Utilitarianism. Retrieved from http://www2. it. nuigalway. ie/staff/h_melvin/prof_skill/L2_handout. pdf Reference for Business. (2011). Utilitarianism. Retrieved from http://http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/encyclopedia/Thir-Val/Utilitarianism. html Related article: Disadvantages of Ethics in the Workplace

Essay on FNAR 132 Group Lesson Plan

Essay on FNAR 132 Group Lesson Plan Essay on FNAR 132 Group Lesson Plan Subject Math Grade Level K Common Core Standard: CCSS.Math.Content.K.CC.A.3 Write numbers from 0 to 20. Represent a number of objects with a written numeral 0-20 (with 0 representing a count of no objects). Instructional Objective: After listening to and singing the â€Å"Counting Down by Twenty† song and making a numerical visual aid, students will be able to identify numbers 0-20 and put objects in sequential order with 90% accuracy. Materials/Equipment: Counting Down By Twenty Song by: Have Fun Teaching Colored Construction Paper Squares Blocks Glue Sticks Crayons Markers Colored Pencils Introductory Activities: Assess the students’ prior knowledge of counting to twenty and the concept of associating number and objects. Ask students questions for their participation. â€Å"Who can count to twenty? Let’s go around our circle and count.† â€Å"Today we will be learning to county to twenty and how to illustrate each number using colored squares.† Core Activities: Direct Instruction: Teacher will demonstrate how to count with numbers using objects. ‘Counting doesn't only involve saying numbers, it also involves using objects. Today we will be using our counting blocks to illustrate different numbers. Let's start with one. Here is one block that represents the number one.† Guided Practice: After the discussion and demonstration, inform students about the â€Å"Counting Down by Twenty song† and the movement that accompanies the song. Teach students the basic hand movements and words that accompany the song. Go over the movements two to three times until the class masters them. Then perform the song. ‘To help us learn more about counting to twenty, I’m going to share with you all a fun song and dance. Let’s start by standing straight. We will count backwards from twenty to one and then we'll dance. Let’s perform.’ Independent Practice: Have class break up into groups and assign each group a

How to get a job at a startup

How to get a job at a startup Want to join a startup, but you’re not sure where to start? Or maybe you think you’re out of the running because tech isn’t your thing? Never fear, even if you’re not a coder or designer, there are still a few choice jobs out there that might just have your name on them. If you’re eager, have a varied skill set, and are willing to contribute to a team effort with energy, you’re in the running. Here are a few tricks to make yourself a viable candidate for a startup gig.Bolster your LinkedIn.First and foremost, attack your LinkedIn profile to make it shine. Remember that companies often search prospective employees by keyword, so keep your experience and certifications up to date and detailed. Make sure your network is solid, and don’t be too shy to  ask for endorsements or recommendations. Get involved in professional groups and link them on your profile. Start posting content relevant to the industry you hope to join- show youâ€℠¢re involved and savvy before even sending in an application or going in to interview.Do your research.If you find a company you’re thrilled by, start getting really nerdy. Dig deep learning all you can about that company’s product. Research their culture, getting as good an on-the-ground sense of the place as you possibly can. If you’re still jazzed and sure you would fit in and have something fantastic to contribute, start drafting a pitch of exactly how and why you fit into that specific company to put into your cover letter. The people who look for new hires want specifics- if you don’t tailor your application package directly to them, you won’t seem special or stand out.Learn the industry as a whole.The startup world is intensely competitive. Every company has to build itself up from nothing and the field can be cutthroat. The more you know and understand about the industry and a company’s main competitors, the more you can contribute. This is especially important in the interview stage. When you go in there, know more than they expect you to based on your resume. Don’t leave any doubts that you understand the current climate inside and out.Establish an online presence.Build an online presence that expands beyond LinkedIn. Make sure all your social media platforms and profiles are up to date and that you’re building a solid and sellable brand for yourself with what you post and how you post it. How you present yourself via all channels will show your tech savviness and your ability to brand yourself- both skills startups find invaluable.Don’t try too hard to be quirky.It’s one thing to show off your individuality- the experience, skills, and passions that make your application stand out from the crowd. But remember that even though the startup world is young and modern, you’re still going through a job application process. Take every step seriously, act like a grownup, and let yo ur interests and skills speak for themselves. You can be engaging without acting like a kid. If you’re forcing a personality, it’s easy to tell.Get yourself out there.You’ll never get a startup gig from nothing if you don’t work for it. Start applying on sites like AngelList, and look on sites that specialize in startups, like StartUpHire or VentureLoop. In addition, look for and attend startup-specific networking events in your area.If you find one company you want to target, you can also find the CEO/founder/key exec’s email and shoot them a line to express your interest. Don’t make your email vague and generic- include relevant links to your social media profiles and explain exactly why you would be a perfect fit for that specific company. Follow up if people are receptive and don’t forget to send thank you notes. In general, be responsive, kind, and sharp- when you’re on the ball, people take notice.

Liberty or Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liberty or Equality - Essay Example The work of Tocqueville titled Democracy in America will be used to vividly identify exactly what his perspective is. Democracy in America is an important book for historians both in and outside the United States. On the other hand, no particular work of Jefferson will be used as many of his works are a revelation of what his position is as they are primarily concerned with issues on liberty. The papers of Thomas Jefferson are an attempt made by him to keep a balance in his correspondence. This attempt, of course, reflects his opinion is on liberty. As it may have been observed, both thinkers have made very valid points—points that are very difficult to counter. If it were the case that one of them backs negativity and the other backs positivity, it would have been much easier to choose between sides. However, even though the points made by both Jefferson and Tocqueville are positive, there are still junctures where they disagree. The disagreement is given vent to by the fact that one of the two concepts – liberty or equality – is a constituent of the other. The argument is also urged on by the premises on which both men build their points. Drawing from their arguments, the existence of one – liberty or equality – will automatically lead to the existence of the other. If there is equality in a system, it will automatically bring forth liberty. In the same vein, if there is liberty in a system, it will bring forth equality. Reality however teaches further that liberty can only come into fruition in situation in which there is equality. Liberty, on the other hand, does not automatically lead to equality. That people have the liberty to do whatsoever they want does into mean that they will be treated as equals with others. In a situation in which there is liberty without equality, such liberty is automatically cut short because it will largely be useless. From the foregoing, it is very obvious that Tocqueville’s position o n equality is superior to Jefferson’s on liberty. Tocqueville (2000) says â€Å"Equality leads men by a still more direct path...† Right from the beginning of Democracy in America, it is very obvious that the stand that will be supported by the author is that equality wherever it exists is universal. De Tocqueville (2000) posits that â€Å"the gradual development of the equality of conditions  is therefore a providential fact, and it possesses all the characteristics of a divine decree: it is universal, it is durable, it constantly eludes all human interference, and all events as well as all men contribute to its progress.† What he basically succeeds in doing is to compare the way equality can be found in different countries using the Unites States as the reference point. By so doing, Tocqueville is able to show the ways each society has reveals how equality is in operation. De Tocqueville thinks that equality can only be attained in a situation in which †Å"all the prerogatives of birth and fortune are destroyed, when all professions are open to all, and when one can reach the summit of each of them by oneself, an immense and easy course seems to open before the ambition of men, and they willingly fancy that they have been called to great destinies† (2010). However, most times, the same society that makes citizens dream of a bright future is often the one that ends up drawing them back. Tocqueville think

China's Health Care Initiative Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

China's Health Care Initiative - Assignment Example In general, financial difficulties in China make it difficult for the government to provide and for private citizens to access quality health services. Moreover, one of the basic aspects of health promotion is grounded on health education. Health education is a function of various health professionals, but more so for nurses who often spend the most time with patients and their families; and who are often deployed in the community setting. It is therefore important to conceptualize a program which can maximize the role of nurses in health education and community activism. Hence, this program is being conceptualized as a means of improving the health outcomes in China. Goal/Objective/Activity Goal: To conceptualize a health education plan which will be taught by the hospital nurses to their patient during the latter’s stay in the hospital and by community-based nurses in the community setting Objectives 1. To teach proper hand-washing techniques to the patients and their famili es before discharge. Activities a. Demonstrating proper hand-washing techniques to the patient and their families. b. Explaining to the family the importance of applying proper hand-washing techniques and how they can prevent the spread and the acquisition of diseases through hand-washing c. Asking the patient and the family to demonstrate proper hand-washing techniques prior to discharge. ... b. Teaching the patients and the members of the community the schedules of immunization, the types of immunization available, and the benefits of having their children immunized 3. To teach the patients and the community the importance of a healthy diet and exercise, along with appropriate techniques in achieving optimum health outcomes. Activities a. Teaching the patients and the community the different benefits of adapting a healthy diet and exercise in one’s life. This includes teaching the patients the different essential foods which can provide optimum health and resistance to diseases. b. Teaching the patient and the community the importance of exercise and the different activities in which they can participate to reduce excess weight and to maintain a healthy lifestyle. c. Teaching the patient and the community the importance of avoiding excess intake of alcohol and/or drugs; the benefits of quitting smoking; and the different ways they can avoid the transmission and th e acquisition of sexually-transmitted diseases. 4. To teach the patients and the members of the community the importance of early prevention and treatment in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Activities a. Teaching the patients the importance of having regular check-ups and diagnostic procedures in order to ensure the early detection of diseases like cancer or AIDS. b. Teaching female patients how to properly conduct breast self examination and male patients how to conduct prostate self-examinations. This also involves teaching patients the different early signs and symptoms which can indicate the presence of diseases. Rationale/Significance Nurses are at the very forefront of health care delivery (Chambliss, 1996).

Fingerprinting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fingerprinting - Research Paper Example It is an excellent way of tying a suspect to a crime scene. There are different types of fingerprints found by investigators. Some are visible and some are latent. Visible prints are those taken from a suspect usually using ink. They are clear and whole. Latent prints are usually left accidentally and may only be partial. They may not be visible to the eye and may require dusting. Fingerprints in the past were largely classified by ridge formation. Loops, whorls, and arches on a fingerprint were also used to distinguish various prints from one another. Fingerprints are now generally photographed and kept in a digital database. This makes them much easier to access. New fingerprints can be scanned in. Fingerprints are still a useful form of evidence, but they are not as determinative as DNA. They are especially useful in showing where people have been and what they have done, while DNA (in some cases) may simply put a person at the scene of a crime. Fingerprints may be considered more

Consumer Culture of Low-Income Consumers

Consumer Culture of Low-Income Consumers Literature Paper focus on low-income consumers whose economic resources results in them being unable to obtain the goods and services needed for an ‘‘sufficient’’ and ‘‘socially acceptable’’ standard of income (Darley and Johnson, 1985, p. 206); in other words, consumers experiencing relative poverty and relative deficiency (Townsend, 1987) in consumer culture. In today’s consumer culture, as the standard of living rises, the gap between a survival income and a social enclosure income will continue to enlarge (Bowring, 2000). While economic escalation and consumer culture has raised the standard of living for many, there are also concerns that income gaps between the rich and the poor have widened and variation is deepening. It has been recognized that those living on a low income face consumer disadvantage in the market place (Andreasen, 1975) encountering different exchange restrictions and negative results (Hill and Stephens, 1997). It is being unable to obtain the goods and services needed for a socially suitable standard of living (Darley and Johnson, 1985) according to low-income consumers encounter different other market place limitation. imperfect product openness can be a problem. Smaller variety have been partly endorsed to access difficulties in both the food retailing industry (Cummins and Macintyre, 1999) . Equally, low-income consumers often have to be enough with lower quality goods and services, for example, they may have no choice but to pay for second-hand goods, an option that is almost always viewed as second best (Williams and Windebank, 2001). Moreover, since the publication of The Poor Pay More , it has generally been accepted that they suffer price bias in the market place (Chung and Myers, 1999). For low-income customers, such social behavior are often beyond reach as a large percentage of their money is tied up with basics such as food and rent (Alwitt and Donley, 1996). This leads to a generality of life’s experiences . Low-income consumers may practice more difficultly in forming helpful relationships outside the instant household (Daly and Leonard, 2002) due to limited opportunities for socializing In the case of low income they lose opportunity to take benefit of ‘‘what life has to offer’’ and are cut from what passes as a ‘‘happy life’’ (Bauman, 2005, p. 38). Low income consumers are often unemployed because they have not power of purchasing comfortable goods. Which can satisfy their demands m (Alwitt and Donley, 1996). These could include individualized payment plans that allow consumers control of their own budgeting strategy or credit opportunities that are specifically adapted to the needs of low-income consumers (Himlton 2004). This is not amazing that as these consumers are often considered as a group with different aspiration who are losing and risky, and not good for market-related research ( Hamilton and Catterall, 2005). People spend more part of their income for their basic necessities, life style is not consider. The incomes that households actually receive play a significant role in determining their consumption (Tregarthen and Ritternberg, 2000) such that low-income consumers consume less fresh  fruits, fresh vegetables, fruit juices, low-fat milk, whole meal bread and fish compare to more economically advantaged consumers (Anderson and Morris, 2000). Low-income consumers can be defined as individuals whose financial resources or income results in them being unable to obtain the goods and services needed for an â€Å"adequate† and â€Å"socially acceptable† standard of living (Darley and Johnson, 1985 cited in Hamilton and Catterall, 2005). HILL and ADRANG studied on global poverty of the united nations contened that the poor are individual and families are some what rich. Lifestyle characteristics of the low-income consumer The incomes that households actually receive play a significant role in determining their consumption (Tregarthen and Ritternberg, 2000). To rely on making incursions into other budgetary allocations and postpone other essentials, such that they decide on which item of necessity is less necessary (Matza and Miller, 1976). Most buying decisions for relatively low-priced products that have close substitutes would be low-involvement. A more detailed view of low-involvement products is proposed by Semenik and Bamossy (1995). It has been suggested that ‘‘An individual is socially excluded if (a) he or she is geographically resident in a society and (b) he or she does not participate in the normal activities of citizens in that society’’ (Burchardt, 1999, p. 230). The aim of this paper is twofold. First, social policy studies surrounding social exclusion in terms of separation from mainstream society have focused on employment, often neglecting theorizing about the specific forms of social exclusion that can be associated with consumerism (Williams and Windebank, 2002; Hohnen, 2007). Positive discourse heralds the benefits of a consumer society suggesting that choice can be seen as ‘‘the consumer’s friend’’ (Gabriel and Lang, 2006, p. 1) Marketing techniques are often critiqued for creating a strong social pressure to consume, leading to feelings of exclusion and shame for those consumers who cannot make their desires a reality (Bowring, 2000). Fullerton and Punj (1997) also suggest that as well as stimulating legitimate consumption behavior, the consumer culture can stimulate consumer misbehavior. Previous research suggests that the poor may be particularly prone to consumer misbehavior as their financial resources may not be sufficient to  satisfy desires. Equally, low-income consumers often have to suffice with lower quality goods and services, for example, they may have no choice but to purchase second-hand goods, an option that is almost always viewed as second best (Williams and Winde bank, 2001). The British Social Attitudes Report (National Centre for Social Research, 2008) highlights that a rising number of people place the blame for poverty on the poor themselves; some 27 per cent think that poverty is due to ‘‘laziness or lack of willpower’’, up from 19 per cent in  1984. References Darley,W.K. and Johnson, D.M. (1985), ‘‘A contemporary analysis of the low income consumer: aninternational perspective’’, in Tan, C.T. and Sheth, J.N. (Eds), Historical Perspectives inConsumer Research: National and International Perspectives, Association for ConsumerResearch, Provo, UT, pp. 206-10. Townsend, P. (1987), ‘‘Deprivation’’, Journal of Social Policy, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 125-46. Bowring, F. (2000), ‘‘Social exclusion: limitations of the debate’’, Critical Social Policy, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 307-30. Andreasen, A.R. (1975), The Disadvantaged Consumer, The Free Press, New York, NY.Arnould, E.J. and Thompson, C.J. (2005), ‘‘Consumer culture theory (CCT): twenty years of research’’, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 868-82. research’’, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 868-82. Hill, R.P. and Stephens, D.L. (1997), ‘‘Impoverished consumers and consumer behavior: the case ofAFDC mothers’’, Journal of Macromarketing, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 32-48. Cummins, S. and Macintyre, S. (1999), ‘‘The location of food stores in urban areas: a case study in Glasgow’’, British Food Journal, Vol. 101 No. 7, pp. 545-53. Williams, C.C. and Windebank, J. (2001), ‘‘Acquiring goods and services in lower income populations: an evaluation of consumer behaviour and preferences’’, International Journal Of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 16-24. Chung, C. and Myers, S.L. (1999), ‘‘Do the poor pay more for food? An analysis of grocery store availability and food price disparities’’, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 276-96. Alwitt, L.F. and Donley, T.D. (1996), The Low-income Consumer, Adjusting the Balance of Exchange, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. Hamilton, C. (2004), Growth Fetish, Pluto Press, London Hamilton, K. and Catterall, M. (2005), â€Å"Towards a better understanding of the low-income consumer†, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 32, pp. 627-32. Tregarthen, T. and Ritternberg, L. (2000), Economics, 2nd ed., Worth, New York, NY. Anderson, A.S. and Morris, S.E. (2000), â€Å"Changing fortunes: changing food choices†, Nutrition Food Science, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 12-15. Matza, D. and Miller, H. (1976), â€Å"Poverty and proletariat†, in Merton, R.K. and Nisbet, R. (Eds),Contemporary Social Problems, 4th ed.,Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,NewYork,NY, pp. 641-73. Semenik, R.J. and Bamossy, G.J. (1995), Principles of Marketing, 2nd ed., South Western College, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 170-1. Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J. and Piachaud, D. (1999), ‘‘Social exclusion in Britain 1991-1995’’, Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 227-44. Williams, C.C. and Windebank, J. (2002), ‘‘The ‘excluded consumer’: a neglected aspect of social exclusion?’’, Policy Politics, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 501-13. Gabriel, Y. and Lang, T. (2006), The Unmanageable Consumer: Contemporary Consumption and its Fragmentation, 2nd ed., Sage, London. Bowring, F. (2000), ‘‘Social exclusion: limitations of the debate’’, Critical Social Policy, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 307-30. Fullerton, R.A. and Punj, G. (1997), ‘‘The unintended consequences of the culture of consumption:an historical-theoretical analysis of consumer misbehavior’’, Consumption, Markets and Culture, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 393-423. Williams, C.C. and Windebank, J. (2001), ‘‘Acquiring goods and services in lower incomepopulations: an evaluation of consumer behaviour and preferences’’, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 16-24. National Centre for Social Research (2008), British Social Attitudes, The 24th Report, Sage, London.